Table 2.
Included studies (by location, time period, study population, data source, drowning outcome and intention)
| Reference | Study location (name, national/sub-national; Rurality) | Time period | Study population | Data source | Outcome | Intention | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aşırdizer et al. 2005 [18] | Istanbul | S | U | 1996–2020 | Infant and adolescent—age ≤ 18 | Autopsy reports | F | U |
| Atilgan et al. 2022 [19] | Antalya | S | U | 2010–2019 | All age | Autopsy reports | F | NS |
| Azmak (2006) [20] | Trakya region | S | B | 1984–2004 | All age | Autopsy reports | F | B |
| Barlas and Beji (2016) [21] | Istanbul | S | U | 2007–2012 | All age | Hazard event records | F | NS |
| Başol et al. (2012) [22] | Samsun | S | U | 2005–2011 | Age ≥ 18 | Medical records | B | B |
| Beydilli et al. (2017) [23] | Antalya | S | R | 2009–2014 | Age ≥ 18 | Medical records | F | U |
| Çakmakcı et al. (2021) [24] | Izmir | S | U | 2008–2018 | All age | Medical records | F | NS |
| Cantürk et al. (2009) [25] | Ankara | S | U | 2003–2006 | All age | Autopsy reports | F | NS |
| Cantürk et al.(2007) [26] | Istanbul | S | U | 2000–2002 | Children—age ≤ 18 | Autopsy reports | F | NS |
| Çaylan et al. (2021) [27] | Türkiye | N | B | 2014–2017 | Children—Under 5 | Death Notification System | F | B |
| Dirlik et al. (2015) [28] | Aydın | S | U | 2002–2012 | Children—age ≤ 18 | Autopsy reports | F | NS |
| Dogan et al. (2010) [29] | Konya | S | U | 2000–2007 | All age | Autopsy reports | F | B |
| Esiyok et al. (2006) [30] | Türkiye | N | B | 1992–2022 | All age | Autopsy reports | F | NS |
| Güzel et al. (2013) [31] | Samsun | S | B | 2005–2012 | Children—age ≤ 18 | Autopsy reports | B | NS |
| Hsieh et al. (2018) [32] | Türkiye | N | B | 2012–2014 | All age | WHO database | F | B |
| Işik and Eşitti (2015) [33] | Türkiye | N | B | 2007–2012 | All age | Media reports | B | NS |
| Işın et al. (2020) [7] | Türkiye | N | B | 2005–2017 | Children—age ≤ 18 | Media reports | F | U |
| Işın and Peden (2022) [10] | Türkiye | N | B | 2013–2019 | All age | TurkStats and GBD data | F | U |
| Işın et al. (2021) [34] | Türkiye | N | B | 2015–2019 | All age—rescue-related drownings | Media reports | F | U |
| Ketenci et al. (2022) [35] | Eastern Black Sea Region | S | B | 2009–2016 | All age | Autopsy reports | F | U |
| Koca et al. (2019) [36] | Türkiye | N | B | 2007–2013 | All age—fatal diving accidents | Autopsy reports | F | U |
| Lakadamyalı et al. (2008) [37] | Alanya | N | R | 2002–2006 | All age | Autopsy reports | B | NS |
| Lapa et al. (2012) [38] | Türkiye | N | B | 2006–2010 | All age—recreational | Media reports | F | U |
| Lin et al. (2015) [39] | Türkiye | N | B | 2006–2008 | All age | WHO database | F | U |
| Mollaoğlu et al. (2013) [40] | Sivas | S | U | 2009–2010 | All age | Medical records | F | NS |
| Orhan (2020) [41] | Türkiye | N | B | 2011–2016 | All age—recreational activity | Media reports | F | U |
| Petrucci et al. (2019) [42] | Türkiye | N | B | 1980–2018 | All age—flood fatalities | EUFF database | F | NS |
| Şık et al. (2022) [43] | Izmir | S | U | 2014–2020 | Children—age ≤ 18 | Medical records | B | U |
| Şık et al. (2021) [44] | Izmir | S | U | 2009–2019 | Children—age ≤ 18 | Medical records | B | U |
| Şimşek and Satar (2013) [45] | Adana | S | U | 2011–2012 | All age | Medical records | B | NS |
| Söyüncü et al. (2008) [46] | Antalya | S | U | 2001–2007 | All age | Medical records | B | NS |
| Taşkesen et al. (2015) [47] | Southeast of Türkiye | S | B | 2008–2013 | Children—age < 15 | Medical records | B | NS |
| Tunçez et al. (2022) [48] | Izmir | T | U | 2015–2020 | All age | Autopsy reports | F | B |
| Turgut (2012) [49] | Türkiye | N | B | 2009 | All age—multiple drowning syndromes | Media reports | F | U |
| Turgut and Turgut (2012) [50] | Türkiye | N | B | 2005–2008 | All age—rescue-related drownings | Media reports | F | U |
| Turgut and Turgut (2014) [9] | Türkiye | N | B | 2007–2011 | All age | Media reports | F | U |
| Turgut et al. (2016) [51] | Ankara-Antalya | S | B | NS | Secondary school students (10–14 yr) | Pre/Post tests of water safety knowledge in schools | NA | U |
| Uzun et al. (2009) [52] | Istanbul | T | U | 1998–2002 | All age | Autopsy reports | F | NS |
| Yayci et al. (2011) [53] | Istanbul | S | U | 2001–2005 | Children—age ≤ 18 | Autopsy reports | F | U |
| Balcı et al. (2018) [54] | Muğla | S | U | 2013–2016 | Youth—age 15–24 | Autopsy reports | F | NS |
| Yıldırım et al. (2020) [55] | Sivas | S | U | 2008–2016 | Children—age 0–6 | Autopsy reports | F | NS |
| Küçük et al. (2020) [56] | Samsun | S | U | 2010–2018 | All age | Medical records | B | NS |
| Cömert et al. (2014) [57] | Istanbul | S | U | 2007–2012 | All age | Medical records | F | B |
| Türkoğlu et al. (2014) [58] | Elazığ | S | U | 2005–2012 | All age | Autopsy reports | F | NS |
| Beydili et al. (2016) [59] | Antalya | T | U | 2012–2014 | All age | Autopsy reports | F | NS |
| Demir et al. (2017) [60] | Van | S | U | 2010–2014 | Children—age ≤ 5 | Autopsy reports | F | U |
| Tutanç et al. (2011) [61] | Diyarbakır | S | U | 2002–2005 | Children—age ≤ 18 | Medical records | B | NS |
| Tutanç et al. (2011) [62] | Hatay | S | U | 2003–2005 | Children—age ≤ 18 | Medical records | B | NS |
| Arslan et al. (2004) [63] | Adana | S | U | 1997–2001 | Children—age ≤ 18 | Autopsy reports | F | NS |
N National, S Sub-national, T Tourists, U Urban, R Rural, B Both. F Fatal, NA Not applicable, U Unintentional, NS Not Specified. TurkStat Turkish Statistical Institute, GBD Global Burden of Disease, WHO World Health Organization, EUFF European Flood Fatalities
*Medical records include clinical data, patient information form, medical charts, and nursing records