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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Feb 20.
Published in final edited form as: Crit Care Med. 2020 Sep;48(9):1365–1374. doi: 10.1097/CCM.0000000000004496

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

Changes in checkpoint molecule expression associated with sepsis. A–F, The number of studies reporting either a statistically significant increase (black bars), significant decrease (white bars), or no significant difference (gray bar) in the checkpoint molecule programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-1), programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4), or B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) on CD3+ or CD4+ lymphocytes or monocytes in studies that compared this expression in septic patients versus healthy control (HC) subject (A and D), septic versus critically ill nonseptic (CINS) patients (B and E), or septic nonsurvivors (NS) versus survivors (S) (C and F). Numbers in parentheses denote the number of studies which provided mean with variability data. For studies presenting checkpoint molecule expression (CME) as both cell frequency and mean fluorescence intensity (MFI), or that presented CME on more than 1 d after presentation, if either measure was significantly different in septic versus control patients or in septic NS versus S on any day measurements were made, the study was recorded as demonstrating a significant change (see Materials and Methods). †One study (32) reported no difference in %BTLA+ in septic versus HC, but decreased %BTLA+ in severe sepsis or septic shock versus HC, and increased BTLA MFI in septic versus HC, but no difference in BTLA MFI in severe sepsis or septic shock versus HC. This study received notation for both an increase and decrease. *One study displayed the indicated change by cell frequency but there was no difference by MFI. For detailed results, please see Supplementary Table 4 (Supplemental Digital Content 10, http://links.lww.com/CCM/F629), Supplementary Table 5 (Supplemental Digital Content 12, http://links.lww.com/CCM/F631), Supplementary Table 6 (Supplemental Digital Content 13, http://links.lww.com/CCM/F632), Supplementary Table 7 (Supplemental Digital Content 14, http://links.lww.com/CCM/F633), and Supplementary Table 8 (Supplemental Digital Content 14, http://links.lww.com/CCM/F634).