Table 2.
Influence of load of S. mutans, lactobacilli, and streptococci on caries progression in the high (P4a), moderate (P6), and low (P1) caries phenotypes defined by PRH1, PRH2 genetic variation.
| Typesa | Load | n | DeFS-12 yb |
n | DeFS-17 yb |
ΔDeFS-5yc |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| mean ± SD | Pd | mean diff (95% CI)i | mean ± SD | Pd | mean diff (95% CI)i | mean ± SD | Pd | mean diff (95% CI)i | ||||
| S. mutanse,f | ||||||||||||
| P4a | Negative | 34 | 2.1 ± 2.2 | Ref. | Ref. | 30 | 6.9 ± 8.5 | Ref. | Ref. | 4.7 ± 7.8 | Ref. | Ref. |
| Low | 21 | 3.6 ± 3.3 | 0.086 | 1.5 (0.1, 3.3) | 16 | 7.4 ± 5.4 | 0.23 | 0.5 (−4.0, 4.4) | 3.3 ± 3.8 | 0.84 | −1.5 (−5.3, 1.5) | |
| High | 20 | 4.2 ± 3.8 | 0.033 | 2.0 (0.2, 3.8) | 19 | 10.6 ± 9.6 | 0.061 | 3.7 (−1.8, 9.6) | 6.0 ± 6.4 | 0.25 | 1.3 (−2.8, 5.2) | |
| P6 | Negative | 55 | 1.4 ± 1.8 | Ref. | Ref. | 51 | 3.9 ± 3.7 | Ref. | Ref. | 2.3 ± 2.9 | Ref. | Ref. |
| Lowf | 21 | 2.0 ± 2.0 | 0.31 | 0.5 (−0.5, 1.5) | 19 | 5.6 ± 5.7 | 0.56 | 1.7 (−1.0, 4.7) | 3.5 ± 4.1 | 0.34 | 1.2 (−0.7, 3.4) | |
| Highf | 26 | 4.6 ± 3.0 | <0.0001 | 3.1 (2.0, 4.4) | 23 | 11.5 ± 12.2 | <0.0001 | 7.6 (3.4, 13.5) | 6.7 ± 9.5 | 0.0024 | 4.4 (1.1, 9.0) | |
| P1 | Negative | 61 | 1.5 ± 2.1 | Ref. | Ref. | 50 | 3.6 ± 4.0 | Ref. | Ref. | 2.1 ± 2.8 | Ref. | Ref. |
| Lowf | 26 | 2.0 ± 2.3 | 0.25 | 0.5 (−0.5, 1.5) | 21 | 4.9 ± 5.9 | 0.64 | 1.3 (−1.2, 4.3) | 3.3 ± 5.8 | 0.84 | 1.2 (−1.1, 4.1) | |
| Highf | 28 | 2.8 ± 2.4 | 0.0069 | 1.3 (0.3, 2.4) | 25 | 7.6 ± 7.4 | 0.0041 | 4.0 (1.0, 7.1) | 4.7 ± 6.1 | 0.024 | 2.5 (0.3, 5.2) | |
| Lactobacillie,g | ||||||||||||
| P4a | Negative | 36 | 3.0 ± 3.7 | Ref. | Ref. | 33 | 6.2 ± 7.4 | Ref. | Ref. | 3.2 ± 4.2 | Ref. | Ref. |
| Low | 23 | 3.0 ± 2.5 | 0.46 | −0.0 (−1.6, 1.6) | 18 | 7.3 ± 4.9 | 0.18 | 1.0 (−2.7, 4.4) | 3.8 ± 3.8 | 0.37 | 0.6 (−1.7, 3.0) | |
| High | 16 | 3.5 ± 2.8 | 0.27 | 0.5 (−1.4, 2.3) | 14 | 13.4 ± 11.4 | 0.019 | 7.2 (0.7, 13.7) | 9.5 ± 11.0 | 0.062 | 6.3 (0.6, 12.7) | |
| P6 | Negative | 54 | 1.9 ± 2.6 | Ref. | Ref. | 49 | 4.0 ± 4.0 | Ref. | Ref. | 2.2 ± 2.9 | Ref. | Ref. |
| Low | 28 | 2.4 ± 2.5 | 0.29 | 0.5 (−0.7, 1.7) | 26 | 8.4 ± 12.3 | 0.093 | 4.4 (0.2, 9.6) | 5.4 ± 9.3 | 0.078 | 3.2 (0.2, 7.2) | |
| High | 20 | 3.5 ± 2.0 | 0.0015 | 1.6 (0.5, 2.6) | 18 | 8.7 ± 5.0 | 0.00047 | 4.7 (2.0, 7.3) | 4.9 ± 4.1 | 0.0060 | 2.7 (0.6, 4.8) | |
| P1 | Negative | 68 | 1.6 ± 2.0 | Ref. | Ref. | 55 | 4.4 ± 4.9 | Ref. | Ref. | 2.8 ± 4.1 | Ref. | Ref. |
| Low | 31 | 2.1 ± 2.7 | 0.33 | 0.6 (−0.4, 1.7) | 27 | 5.0 ± 6.5 | 0.90 | 0.7 (−1.9, 3.5) | 3.3 ± 5.6 | 0.98 | 0.6 (−1.6, 3.0) | |
| High | 16 | 3.1 ± 2.2 | 0.0037 | 1.6 (0.5, 2.8) | 14 | 6.9 ± 6.6 | 0.077 | 2.6 (−0.9, 6.7) | 3.6 ± 4.8 | 0.63 | 0.8 (−1.6, 3.7) | |
| Streptococcie,h | ||||||||||||
| P4a | Low | 21 | 2.5 ± 1.8 | Ref. | Ref. | 18 | 6.1 ± 6.9 | Ref. | Ref. | 3.1 ± 5.0 | Ref. | Ref. |
| Moderate | 26 | 3.5 ± 3.9 | 0.67 | 1.0 (−0.5, 2.9) | 24 | 8.8 ± 9.5 | 0.52 | 2.7 (−2.3, 7.6) | 5.1 ± 5.7 | 0.20 | 1.9 (−1.3, 4.9) | |
| High | 28 | 3.1 ± 3.2 | 0.85 | 0.7 (−0.8, 2.0) | 23 | 8.9 ± 7.9 | 0.056 | 2.8 (−1.8, 7.2) | 5.7 ± 8.4 | 0.25 | 2.6 (−1.2, 6.8) | |
| P6 | Low | 29 | 2.1 ± 2.4 | Ref. | Ref. | 27 | 4.3 ± 6.3 | Ref. | Ref. | 2.2 ± 4.0 | Ref. | Ref. |
| Moderate | 36 | 2.6 ± 2.9 | 0.48 | 0.5 (−0.8, 1.8) | 32 | 8.5 ± 10.5 | 0.014 | 4.2 (0.0, 8.6) | 5.5 ± 8.3 | 0.019 | 3.3 (0.3, 6.7) | |
| High | 37 | 2.3 ± 2.3 | 0.56 | 0.3 (−0.9, 1.3) | 34 | 5.3 ± 4.6 | 0.20 | 1.0 (−2.3, 3.5) | 3.0 ± 3.0 | 0.18 | 0.7 (−1.3, 2.4) | |
| P1 | Low | 19 | 2.1 ± 2.0 | Ref. | Ref. | 15 | 3.3 ± 2.8 | Ref. | Ref. | 1.3 ± 2.4 | Ref. | Ref. |
| Moderate | 56 | 1.9 ± 2.3 | 0.55 | −0.2 (−1.3, 0.9) | 46 | 5.0 ± 5.6 | 0.45 | 1.7 (−0.5, 3.9) | 3.3 ± 4.6 | 0.084 | 2.0 (0.3, 3.8) | |
| High | 40 | 1.9 ± 2.4 | 0.39 | −0.3 (−1.5, 1.0) | 35 | 5.4 ± 6.6 | 0.43 | 2.1 (−0.3, 4.9) | 3.5 ± 5.3 | 0.14 | 2.2 (0.2, 4.5) | |
High (P4a), moderate (P6), and low (P1) caries phenotypes with Swedish ethnicity defined by PRH1, PRH2 genetic variation.
Caries DeFS (Decayed, enamel-included, Filled Surfaces) at 12 and 17 years of age.
ΔDeFS (5 y) = 5-year prospective caries increment from 12 to 17 years of age.
2-sided P value from Mann–Whitney U test.
S. mutans, Lactobacilli and Streptococci load in whole saliva measured by culture counts at 12 years of age.
S. mutans infection and load (Negative <10,000 CFU, Low 10,000–300,000 CFU, High >300,000 CFU).
Lactobacilli infection and load (Negative <20,000 CFU, Low 20,000–100,000 CFU, High >100,000 CFU).
Streptococci infection and load (Low <10,000,000 CFU, Moderate 10,000,000–50,000,000 CFU, High >50,000,000 CFU).
Mean difference estimate with 95% CIs by bootstrapping 1000 times.