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. 2024 Jan 26;30(2):382–393. doi: 10.1038/s41591-023-02788-5

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© The Author(s) 2024, corrected publication 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 3 — (A) NINDS cohort CSF signal/diluent-only signal ratios. Of the symptomatic group (mean = 3.6, SD = 10.1, range = 0.69–71.2), 27/55 (49.1%) CSF samples had CSF/diluent signal ratios greater than 1, indicating elevated cryptic HDGFL2 signal. Of the presymptomatic group (mean = 1.4, SD = 1.3, range = 0.76–6.0), 13/34 (38.2%) CSF samples had CSF/diluent signal ratios greater than 1. Data are presented as mean +/- SD. Data points represent individual CSF samples. (B) DIALS cohort CSF signal/diluent-only signal ratios. Of the control group, 0/16 (0%) CSF samples had CSF/diluent ratios greater than 1. Of the symptomatic group, 1/4 (25.0%) CSF samples had CSF/diluent ratios greater than 1, and of the presymptomatic group, 13/47 (27.7%) CSF samples had CSF/diluent ratios greater than 1. The presymptomatic group had the highest average CSF/diluent signal ratio (mean = 1.8, SD = 4.2, range = 0.69–29.6) while the symptomatic group had the second highest average CSF/diluent signal ratio (mean = 0.93, SD = 0.15, range = 0.73–1.1). The control group had the lowest CSF/diluent signal ratio (mean = 0.85, SD = 0.08, range = 0.73–0.95). Data are presented as mean +/- SD. Data points represent individual CSF samples.