Biacore SPR analysis of the interaction among MP, VAP, and virions. Sensograms show real-time interaction of immobilized MP with increasing concentrations (10-160 μg/ml, as indicated adjacent to traces) of VAP (A) and VAP associated with CaMV virions (B). A steep upward slope defines the onset of binding partner injection (VAP in A and VAP-virion complex in B). The adjacent ascending regions illustrate association between test partners. The abrupt downward slopes correspond to the end of the injection period and define the start of binding partner dissociation (descending curve). (The steepest parts of the graphs, almost parallel to the y axis, reflect only changes in buffer conditions and do not represent interaction dynamics). Kon, association constant; Koff dissociation constant; Kd = Koff/Kon, equilibrium dissociation constant.