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. 2024 Feb 20;14:4233. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-54420-2

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Influence of zeolite (ZL), bone char (BC), and wood chips biochar (WCB) on soluble ammonium and total cumulative ammonium in leachate in calcareous sandy soil under vinasse application. Each value represents the average of three replicates with the standard error shown by the vertical bars. Different lowercase letters on each bar denote the significant differences among treatments by using Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference test at P < 0.01. CK: soil alone, SZL: soil + zeolite, SBC: soil + bone char, SWCB: soil + wood chips biochar.