Table 1.

Sample information for all genetically confirmed cases of trisomy 18 and 21

Lab/Arch ID	Region, country	Site	Date ranges	Genetic sex	Age at death	Osteological possible diagnosis	Diagnosis
CRU001/Cruz 1	Navarra, Spain	Alto de la Cruz	600–400 BCEb	XY	38 weeksa	Occipital protuberance	Trisomy 21
CRU013/Cruz 13	Navarra, Spain	Alto de la Cruz	600–400 BCEb	XX	40 weeksa	Bone malformation (vascular increase in pars lateralis occipitalis and scapula). Unspecified nutritional deficiency	Trisomy 18
CRU024/Cruz 24	Navarra, Spain	Alto de la Cruz	779–549 BCE (MAMS-55002)	XX	28 weeksa	Nothing in particular was observed	Trisomy 21
ERE004/Eretas 4	Navarra, Spain	Las Eretas	801–764 BCE (MAMS-55004)	XY	26 weeksa	Exceptionally gracile long bones	Trisomy 21
HKI002/Grave 13	Finland	Helsinki	1667–1800 CEb	XY	Full-term	Vitamin C deficiency	Trisomy 21
LAZ019/LZR-25	Aegina, Greece	Lazarides	1398–1221 BCE (MAMS-47525)	XX	12–16 months	Anaemia	Trisomy 21
PN07/Chamber F15	Clare, Ireland	Poulnabrone	3629–3371 BCE (UBA-35065)	XY	Infant	Not analysed	Trisomy 21
YUN039/Burial 3	Pazardzhik, Bulgaria	Yunatsite	2898–2700 BCE (MAMS-45495)	XX	6 months	Vitamin C deficiency	Trisomy 21

^aIndicates the age in weeks of gestation.

^bIndicates relative archaeological date ranges (ranges are 2-sigma calibrated when a lab number is stated).