Fig. 4.
Nanotechnology in virus and pathogenic bacteria detection. This picture represents the detection principle, process and outcome indicators of nanotechnology. a Nanotechnology for virus detection: AuNPs based on the Antigen-Ab-NPs sandwich principle can be used to detect antibodies after vaccination with COVID-19,296 colloidal gold immunochromatographic assay; nanoprobes based on the CRISPR-CASE principle can be used to detect viral genes;800,801 capped by oligos AuNPs aggregation phenomenon and color change to detect SARS-CoV-2;320 AuNPs as biomarkers to track viral infections;313 NPs based on phage technology enhance SPR effect in virus detection.802 b Nanotechnology in the detection of pathogenic bacteria: AuNPs for the detection of bacteria by color change;429 SiO2@Ag+ detects infections in postoperative cerebrospinal fluid;314 SiO2-Cy-Van NPs detect MRSA by recognizing bacterial ligand MRSA;431 phage-coupled nanoparticles enhance the detection signal for S. aureus;434 Lipase-AuNP detects Escherichia coli by generating specific aroma.435 MRSA: methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus