Mutations observed in the embryonic offspring of male medaka exposed to a range of ionizing radiations: γ-rays, 3.5-GeV 12C nuclei or 56-GeV 56Fe nuclei. Mutation frequencies, DL and TM, as functions of dose from γ-rays (A and B), 12C nuclei (C and D), and 56Fe nuclei (E and F) to sperm (○), spermatids (□), or spermatogonia (▵).