Table 1.
Sociodemographic, knowledge, worries and attitudes toward MPX and MPX vaccine among MSM in China (n = 1,093).
| Variables | Total (N = 1,093) | Unwilling (n = 94) | Willing (n = 999) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic | ||||
| Age, year | 0.049 | |||
| <26 | 518 (47.4) | 41 (43.6) | 477 (47.8) | |
| 26–40 | 494 (45.2) | 51 (54.3) | 443 (44.3) | |
| >40 | 81 (7.4) | 2 (2.1) | 79 (7.9) | |
| Current residence area | 0.439 | |||
| Rural | 93 (8.5) | 10 (10.6) | 83 (8.3) | |
| Urban | 1,000 (91.5) | 84 (89.4) | 916 (91.7) | |
| HIV status | 0.669 | |||
| Negative | 709 (64.9) | 59 (62.8) | 650 (65.1) | |
| Positive | 196 (17.9) | 20 (21.3) | 176 (17.6) | |
| Unknown | 188 (17.2) | 15 (16) | 173 (17.3) | |
| Marital status/social relationship status | 0.001 | |||
| Single (unmarried, divorced or widowed) | 855 (78.2) | 61 (64.9) | 794 (79.5) | |
| Married | 184 (16.8) | 22 (23.4) | 162 (16.2) | |
| Cohabitation | 54 (5) | 11 (11.7) | 43 (4.3) | |
| Education | 0.954 | |||
| High school or below | 181 (16.6) | 15 (16) | 166 (16.6) | |
| Junior or higher vocational college | 260 (23.8) | 24 (25.5) | 236 (23.6) | |
| Undergraduate | 557 (51) | 46 (48.9) | 511 (51.2) | |
| Postgraduate | 95 (8.6) | 9 (9.6) | 86 (8.6) | |
| Occupation | 0.486 | |||
| Farmer or worker | 120 (11) | 14 (14.9) | 106 (10.6) | |
| Student | 227 (20.8) | 14 (14.9) | 213 (21.3) | |
| Company or government employee | 455 (41.6) | 39 (41.5) | 416 (41.6) | |
| Business or self-employed | 213 (19.5) | 19 (20.2) | 194 (19.4) | |
| Unemployed | 78 (7.1) | 8 (8.5) | 70 (7) | |
| Monthly income | 0.159 | |||
| No fixed | 211 (19.3) | 18 (19.2) | 193 (19.4) | |
| <2,000 | 98 (9) | 8 (8.5) | 90 (9) | |
| 2,000-4,999 | 372 (34) | 24 (25.5) | 348 (34.8) | |
| 5,000-9,999 | 297 (27.2) | 28 (29.8) | 269 (26.9) | |
| >10,000 | 115 (10.5) | 16 (17) | 99 (9.9) | |
| Sexual orientation | 0.246 | |||
| Heterosexual | 402 (36.8) | 37 (39.4) | 365 (36.6) | |
| Homosexual | 495 (45.2) | 35 (37.2) | 460 (46) | |
| Bisexual | 155 (14.2) | 16 (17) | 139 (13.9) | |
| Pansexual and other | 41 (3.8) | 6 (6.4) | 35 (3.5) | |
| History of chronic diseases | 0.217 | |||
| No | 236 (21.6) | 25 (26.6) | 211 (21.1) | |
| Yes | 857 (78.4) | 69 (73.4) | 788 (78.9) | |
| History of STDs | 0.200 | |||
| No | 859 (78.6) | 69 (73.4) | 790 (79.1) | |
| Yes | 234 (21.4) | 25 (26.6) | 209 (20.9) | |
| Knowledge of MPX and monkeypox vaccine | ||||
| Awareness of MPX | 0.006 | |||
| No | 329 (30.1) | 40 (42.6) | 289 (28.9) | |
| Yes | 764 (69.9) | 54 (57.4) | 710 (71.1) | |
| Frequency of following MPX information | 0.953 | |||
| Less than one times in a week | 272 (35.6) | 4 (7.4) | 45 (6.4) | |
| One or more times in a week | 443 (58) | 19 (35.2) | 253 (35.6) | |
| Not focused | 49 (6.4) | 31 (57.4) | 412 (58) | |
| Having good knowledge of MPX | 0.017 | |||
| No | 432 (39.5) | 48 (51.1) | 384 (38.4) | |
| Yes | 661 (60.5) | 46 (48.9) | 615 (61.6) | |
| Being considered people could be re-infected MPXV | 0.017 | |||
| Disagree | 76 (7) | 12 (12.8) | 64 (6.4) | |
| Unsure | 347 (31.7) | 35 (37.2) | 312 (31.2) | |
| Agree | 670 (61.3) | 47 (50) | 623 (62.4) | |
| Being considered MSM are high-risk population of MPXV infection | 0.049 | |||
| Disagree | 91 (8.3) | 11 (11.7) | 80 (8) | |
| Uncertain | 273 (25) | 31 (33) | 242 (24.2) | |
| Agree | 729 (66.7) | 52 (55.3) | 677 (67.8) | |
| Having ever heard of smallpox (cowpox) vaccine | <0.001 | |||
| No | 139 (12.7) | 27 (28.7) | 112 (11.2) | |
| Yes | 954 (87.3) | 67 (71.3) | 887 (88.8) | |
| Knowing a(Smallpox vaccine, ACAM2000) and b(JYNNEOS) are currently used to prevent MPX * | 0.020 | |||
| I do not know | 460 (42.1) | 52 (55.3) | 408 (40.9) | |
| Having ever heard of a and b* | 202 (18.5) | 13 (13.8) | 189 (18.9) | |
| Having ever heard of b* | 81 (7.4) | 9 (9.6) | 72 (7.2) | |
| Having ever heard of a* | 350 (32) | 20 (21.3) | 330 (33) | |
| Being considered monkeypox vaccine is better for people living with HIV | 0.001 | |||
| No | 200 (18.3) | 24 (25.6) | 176 (17.7) | |
| Uncertain | 416 (38.1) | 46 (48.9) | 370 (37) | |
| Yes | 477 (43.6) | 24 (25.5) | 453 (45.3) | |
| Worries about MPX | ||||
| Worried about the potential pandemic in mainland China | 0.007 | |||
| No | 292 (29.9) | 22 (25.6) | 270 (30.3) | |
| Yes | 323 (33) | 19 (22.1) | 304 (34.1) | |
| I do not know | 362 (37.1) | 45 (52.3) | 317 (35.6) | |
| Worried about being infected with MPXV | 0.032 | |||
| No | 373 (34.1) | 33 (35.1) | 340 (34) | |
| Yes | 364 (33.3) | 21 (22.3) | 343 (34.3) | |
| I do not know | 356 (32.6) | 40 (42.6) | 316 (31.6) | |
| Worried about having sequelae after infected MPX | 0.004 | |||
| No | 90 (8.2) | 10 (10.6) | 80 (8) | |
| Yes | 639 (58.5) | 40 (42.6) | 599 (60) | |
| I do not know | 364 (33.3) | 44 (46.8) | 320 (32) | |
| Attitudes about monkeypox vaccination | ||||
| Being considered monkeypox vaccine is safety | <0.001 | |||
| No | 95 (8.7) | 16 (17) | 79 (7.9) | |
| Yes | 746 (68.2) | 37 (39.4) | 709 (71) | |
| Do not know | 252 (23.1) | 41 (43.6) | 211 (21.1) | |
| Being considered the necessity for smallpox/monkeypox vaccination promotion in China | <0.001 | |||
| No | 64 (5.9) | 32 (34) | 32 (3.2) | |
| Yes | 1,029 (94.1) | 62 (66) | 967 (96.8) | |
| Being considered smallpox/monkeypox vaccine should be prioritized for MSM | 0.040 | |||
| Disagree | 107 (9.8) | 14 (14.9) | 93 (9.3) | |
| Unsure | 325 (29.7) | 34 (36.2) | 291 (29.1) | |
| Agree | 661 (60.5) | 46 (48.9) | 615 (61.6) | |
| Willingness to encourage male friends or sexual partners to get vaccinated against MPX | <0.001 | |||
| Unwilling | 60 (5.5) | 33 (35.1) | 27 (2.7) | |
| Willing | 1,033 (94.5) | 61 (64.9) | 972 (97.3) | |
| Willingness to receive monkeypox or smallpox vaccination when most of your friends or sexual partners have been vaccinated | <0.001 | |||
| Unwilling | 49 (4.5) | 31 (33) | 18 (1.8) | |
| Willing | 1,044 (95.5) | 63 (67) | 981 (98.2) | |
| Behaviors | ||||
| Number of anal sex partners in the past 3 months | <0.001 | |||
| 0 | 159 (24.1) | 14 (26.4) | 145 (23.9) | |
| 1–5 | 454 (68.9) | 28 (52.8) | 426 (70.3) | |
| >6 | 46 (7) | 11 (20.8) | 35 (5.8) | |
| Frequency of oral sex in the past 3 months | 0.005 | |||
| 3 times or below per month | 343 (68.6) | 18 (46.2) | 325 (70.5) | |
| 4–6 times per week | 95 (19) | 14 (35.9) | 81 (17.6) | |
| 4 times or above per week | 62 (12.4) | 7 (17.9) | 55 (11.9) | |
| Frequency of condom use in the past 3 months | 0.056 | |||
| never | 21 (4.2) | 4 (10.3) | 17 (3.7) | |
| 1–39% | 23 (4.6) | 4 (10.3) | 19 (4.1) | |
| 40–60% | 52 (10.4) | 6 (15.4) | 46 (10) | |
| 61–99% | 125 (25) | 7 (17.9) | 118 (25.6) | |
| 100% | 279 (55.8) | 18 (46.2) | 261 (56.6) | |
| Having ever uptake of smallpox vaccine at birth | 0.001 | |||
| No | 247 (22.6) | 34 (36.2) | 213 (21.3) | |
| Yes | 846 (77.4) | 60 (63.8) | 786 (78.7) | |
| Having ever uptake monkeypox/smallpox vaccine in the last year | 0.776 | |||
| No | 718 (65.7) | 63 (67) | 655 (65.6) | |
| Yes | 375 (34.3) | 31 (33) | 344 (34.4) | |
*a, Smallpox vaccine (ACAM2000); b, JYNNEOS, a monkeypox vaccine certified by the US Medicine and Drug Administration in 2019. MSM, men who have sex with men; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; STDs, Sexually transmitted diseases.