Table 4.
Summary of biofluid metabolomic biomarkers for treatment response and prognosis prediction in cancer.
| Disease | Sample | Metabolites | Potential clinical uses | Refs |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lung cancer | Serum/plasma | SM 42:2, SM 35:1, PC (16:0/14:0), PC (14:0/16:1), SM 38:3, CER (d18:1/24:1) |
Recurrence after surgery | (35) |
| 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid | Efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy | (43) | ||
| Serine, glycine, arginine, quinoline acid | Efficacy of anti-PD-1 immunotherapy | (155) | ||
| Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma | Serum/plasma | Isocitric acid, linoleic acid, citric acid, L-histidine, 3’4dihydroxyhydrocinnamic acid |
Efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy | (156) |
| Kynurenine, 2-piperidinone, hippuric acid, LPC (14:0) | Survival | (157) | ||
| Monoglyceride (20:4) isomer, 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, L-isoleucine |
Survival | (149) | ||
| Pancreatic cancer | Serum/plasma | Succinic acid, gluconic acid, | Metastasis | (60) |
| LPC18:2, CER 36:1, CER 38:1, CER 42:2, PC 32:0, PC O-38:5, SM 42:2 | Survival | (67) | ||
| Urine | Trigonelline, hippurate, myoinositol | Survival | (158) | |
| Hepatocellular carcinoma |
Serum | Formate | Microvascular invasion | (159) |
| Retinol, retinal | Survival | (160) | ||
| Gastric cancer | Peritoneal lavage fluid |
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate sulfite | Peritoneal metastasis | (161) |
| Colorectal cancer | Serum | Diacron’s reactive oxygen metabolites, total thiol | Survival | (162) |
| Renal cell carcinoma | Urine | Lactic acid, glycine, succinic acid, 2-hydroxyglutarate, kynurenic acid |
Recurrence after surgery | (163) |
| Bladder cancer | Serum | Dimethylamine, malonate, lactate, glutamine, histidine, valine | Postoperative dynamic monitoring | (164) |
| Taurine, glutamine, glycine, hypoxanthine | Efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy | (165) | ||
| Ovarian cancer | Plasma | Kynurenine/tryptophan ratio | Survival | (166) |
| Serum | Hydroxybutyric acid, maleic acid, D-dysteine, N-acetylasparagine, 3-hydroxy-2-methylpyridine-4,5-dicarboxylate, dihydroneopterinphosphate | Efficacy of chemotherapy | (167) | |
| Prostate cancer | Serum | 1-methyladenosine, phosphatidic acid 18:0-22:0 | Recurrence | (168) |
| Osteosarcoma | Serum | 5-aminopentanamide, FA 18:3 + 2O | Lung metastasis | (21) |
| Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma | Serum/plasma | Malate | Survival | (17) |
| Valine, hexadecenoic acid, pyroglutamic acid | Survival | (169) | ||
| Multiple myeloma | Serum | Cysteine, hypotaurine | Efficacy of chemotherapy | (170) |
| Ethanoic acid, xylitol | Survival |
SM, sphingomyelin; PC, phosphatidylcholine; CER, ceramide; PD-1, programmed cell death protein 1; LPC, lysophosphatidylcholine; FA, fatty acid.