FIGURE 1.

A summary of the biogenesis of exosomal ncRNAs. The biogenesis of exosomes initiates with the formation of double inward cellular membranes, leading to the generation of EEs. Subsequently, non-coding RNA species, including lncRNAs, miRNAs, and circRNAs, are incorporated into these early endosomes. These non-coding RNAs may either be actively transported out from the cellular membrane or subjected to degradation within lysosomes. This intricate process plays a crucial role in the packaging and transportation of various RNA molecules within exosomes, contributing to intercellular communication and regulatory mechanisms.