Table 3.

Participant characteristics of those who completed the Paired Associates Learning (PAL) task at their first opportunity compared to those who did not.

	Did not complete PAL at first opportunity N=17529	Completed PAL at first opportunity N=11647	95% Confidence interval	Effect size
Age*, Mean (M) ± Standard deviation (SD)	62.7 ± 12.1	65.9 ± 11.4	−3.465, −2.920||	.27‡
Education in years*, M ± SD	15.7 ± 2.6	16.63 ± 2.3	−1.010, −0.898||	.39‡
Female†, n(%)	13304 (75.9)	8441 (72.5)	−0.045, −0.024||	.08§
Race†, n(%)
Asian	491 (2.8)	333 (2.9)	−0.003, 0.005	.003§
Black/African American	596 (3.4)	261 (2.2)	−0.015, −0.008||	.07§
Native American	680 (3.9)	204 (1.8)	−0.025, −0.017||	.13§
Other	1833 (10.5)	337 (2.9)	−0.081, −0.070||	.32§
Pacific Islander	93 (0.5)	31 (0.3)	−0.004, −0.001||	.04§
White	14420 (82.3)	10806 (92.8)	0.098, 0.113||	.33§
Latino†, n(%)	4647(26.5)	742(6.4)	−0.209, −0.193||	.57§
Subjective memory concern†, n(%)	8934 (51.0)	4858 (41.7)	−0.104, −0.081||	.19§
Family history of Alzheimer’s disease†, n(%)	5103 (29.1)	3971 (34.1)	0.039, 0.061||	.11§

Note.

^*Welch two sample t-test;

^†=Chi-square test;

^‡= Cohen’s d;

^§= Cohen’s h;

^||= p<.05