. 2024 Feb 6;10:e48120. doi: 10.2196/48120

Table 2.

Time-dependent Cox proportional hazard models with and without adjustment for covariates. The crude model referred to time-dependent Cox proportional hazard models with no adjustment. Model 1 was adjusted for sex, age, and duration of diabetes. Model 2 was then further adjusted for education level, current smoking, regular drinking, BMI, blood pressure, hemoglobin A1c, serum cholesterol level, estimated glomerular filtration rate, and use of insulin.

Visceral obesity indices		Crude model		Model 1		Model 2
		cHR^a (95% CI)	P value	aHR^b (95% CI)	P value	aHR (95% CI)	P value
Lipid accumulation product^c
	Per SD increase	1.12 (1.01-1.25)	.03	1.14 (1.03-1.27)	.02	1.24 (1.09-1.41)	.001
	Tertile 1	1.00 (Reference)	N/A^d	1.00 (Reference)	N/A^d	1.00 (Reference)	N/A^d
	Tertile 2	1.19 (0.89-1.60)	.25	1.27 (0.93-1.72)	.13	1.31 (0.94-1.83)	.11
	Tertile 3	1.42 (1.07-1.89)	.02	1.53 (1.14-2.05)	.004	1.84 (1.30-2.62)	.001
	P for trend	N/A^d	.02	N/A^d	.005	N/A^d	.001
Visceral adiposity index^c
	Per SD increase	1.18 (1.07-1.32)	.002	1.19 (1.07-1.32)	.001	1.22 (1.09-1.36)	<.001
	Tertile 1	1.00 (Reference)	N/A^d	1.00 (Reference)	N/A^d	1.00 (Reference)	N/A^d
	Tertile 2	1.36 (1.01-1.84)	.04	1.45 (1.07-1.97)	.02	1.56 (1.13-2.17)	.007
	Tertile 3	1.60 (1.19-2.13)	.002	1.67 (1.24-2.24)	.001	1.86 (1.35-2.57)	<.001
	P for trend	N/A^d	.003	N/A^d	.001	N/A^d	<.001
Chinese visceral adiposity index^c
	Per SD increase	1.16 (1.04-1.31)	.01	1.22 (1.07-1.37)	.002	1.48 (1.19-1.85)	.001
	Tertile 1	1.00 (Reference)	N/A^d	1.00 (Reference)	N/A^d	1.00 (Reference)	N/A^d
	Tertile 2	1.25 (0.94-1.67)	.13	1.38 (1.02-1.86)	.04	1.44 (1.01-2.05)	.046
	Tertile 3	1.39 (1.04-1.85)	.03	1.53 (1.13-2.07)	.006	1.82 (1.16-2.86)	.009
	P for trend	N/A^d	.03	N/A^d	.006	N/A^d	.009

^acHR: crude hazard ratio.

^baHR: adjusted hazard ratio.

^cSD of lipid accumulation product=38.90, SD of visceral adiposity index=2.73, and SD of Chinese visceral adiposity index=34.23.

^dN/A: not applicable.