Fig. 3 |. scATAC-seq and scDNase-seq measure the dynamics of accessible chromatin sites.

a | Assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (ATAC-seq) and DNase I hypersensitive site sequencing (DNase-seq) use enzymes (Tn5 transposase and DNase I, respectively) that cut DNA but can only do so at accessible chromatin sites. The activity of these enzymes produces fragments for sequencing that correspond to open chromatin. b | Model of interactions between transcription factors and accessible chromatin. Closed chromatin sites can be bound by sequence-specific pioneer transcription factors. Pioneer transcription factor binding facilitates the opening of chromatin and the creation of a new accessible site. Chromatin-modifying enzymes and other transcription factors that may not possess pioneering activity are able to bind to the accessible site. scATAC-seq, single-cell ATAC-seq; scDNase-seq, single-cell DNase-seq.