FGF-21 injection studies in rodents. The values (± SE) shown are the average of the measurements of at least 5 animals in a group. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.02, and #P < 0.001 compared with vehicle control. Fed blood glucose (A) and triglyceride levels (B) in ob/ob mice treated with FGF-21. FGF-21 was administered once daily, and blood glucose and triglyceride levels were measured 1 hour after the last injection. (C) Fed blood glucose levels in db/db mice at days 18 and 46 during 8-week constant-infusion study. Mice were infused s.c. with 11 μg/kg/h FGF-21 using ALZET minipumps. (D and E) FGF-21 lowers glucose in obese ZDF rats and does not induce hypoglycemia in lean ZDF rats. Fed blood glucose levels were measured in obese (D) and lean (E) ZDF rats that were administered s.c. twice daily with FGF-21, Humulin, or vehicle at indicated total daily doses for 1 week. (F) FGF-21 induces extended lowering of fed blood glucose in ob/ob mice. FGF-21 was administered once daily for 7 days, and blood glucose levels were measured after the last injection at indicated time points. (G and H) FGF-21 affects insulin levels (G) and glucose disposal (H) during OGTT in ob/ob mice. At indicated time points, blood samples were obtained for glucose and insulin measurements.