Table 3.
Characteristics of patients with FSS ≥ 4 and per cluster that included ≥ 10 patients
| Mean ± SD, median (25th–75th percentiles) or n (%) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| FSS ≥ 4 (n = 66) | Cluster 19 (n = 12) | Cluster 37 (n = 24) | |
| Age, in years | 53.7 ± 6.5 | 52.7 ± 6.5 | 54.3 ± 7.3 |
| Gender, male | 31 (47.0) | 3 (25.0) | 13 (54.2) |
| BMI, in kg/m2 | 30.9 ± 6.0 | 33.9 ± 5.9 | 30.0 ± 6.3 |
| Ethnicity | |||
| Caucasian/white | 50/63 (79.4) | 9 (75.0) | 19/22 (86.4) |
| Other | 13/63 (20.6) | 3 (24.9) | 3/22 (13.5) |
| Level of educationa | |||
| Low | 24 (36.4) | 4 (33.3) | 6/23 (26.1) |
| Medium | 30 (45.5) | 7 (58.3) | 14/23 (60.9) |
| High | 4 (6.1) | 1 (8.3) | 3/23 (13.0) |
| Current work status | |||
| On disability | 19/63 (30.2) | 5 (41.7) | 8 (33.3) |
| Student | 2/63 (3.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.2) |
| Homemaker | 10/63 (15.9) | 4 (33.3) | 3 (12.5) |
| Retired | 1/63 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.2) |
| Unemployed | 3/63 (4.8) | 1 (8.3) | 2 (8.3) |
| Working part-time | 18/63 (28.6) | 5 (41.7) | 2 (8.3) |
| Working full-time | 21/63 (33.3) | 2 (16.7) | 10 (41.7) |
| Marital status | |||
| Married/living together | 44/59 (74.6) | 9 (75.0) | 17/23 (73.9) |
| Living alone | 9/59 (15.3) | 3 (25.0) | 4/23 (17.4) |
| Widow(er)/divorced | 6/59 (10.2) | 0 (0.0) | 2/23 (8.7) |
| Smoking status | |||
| Current | 4 (6.1) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (12.5) |
| Ex-smoker | 34 (51.5) | 8 (66.7) | 11 (45.8) |
| Never smoker | 28 (42.4) | 4 (33.3) | 10 (41.7) |
| At least one comorbidityb | 52 (64.6) | 6 (50.0) | 17 (70.8) |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Heart failure | 4 (6.1) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (8.3) |
| Renal failure | 4 (6.1) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (12.5) |
| Diabetes | 8 (12.1) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (16.7) |
| COPD | 5 (7.6) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (8.3) |
| Asthma | 13 (19.7) | 2 (16.7) | 5 (20.8) |
| CVD | 16 (24.2) | 2 (16.7) | 6 (25.0) |
| Hospitalized | 56 (84.9) | 10 (83.3) | 22 (91.7) |
| Days of hospitalization | 7.0 (3.0, 12.0) | 7.0 (4.5, 8.0) | 8.0 (6.0, 16.0) |
| ICU | 15 (22.7) | 1 (8.3) | 9 (37.5) |
| COVID-19 severityc | |||
| Mild | 10 (15.2) | 2 (16.7) | 2 (8.3) |
| Moderate | 42 (63.6) | 9 (75.0) | 14 (58.3) |
| Severe | 14 (21.2) | 1 (8.3) | 8 (33.3) |
| FSS score* | 5.88 ± 0.78 | 6.15 ± 0.55 | 5.67 ± 0.77 |
FSS Fatigue Severity Scale, BMI Body Mass Index, COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, CVD cardiovascular disease, ICU Intensive Care Unit
*Differences between the two clusters were statistically significant
a. Low = MBO or high school; medium = HBO; high = University bachelor or master
b. Measured comorbidities are COPD, asthma, interstitial lung disease, thrombosis, heart failure, renal failure, hepatic disease, diabetes, cancer, rheumatic disease, CVD and neurologic disease
c. According to the WHO definition