Table 6.

Arterial stiffness parameters used in the selected papers

Parameters	Description	Vascular characteristic assessed
cf-PWV or PWV [34, 36, 44, 46, 47, 50]	Measures the speed at which the pressure wave travels from the carotid artery to the femoral artery	Aortic stiffness (by quantifying wave propagation speed in the aorta)
ba-PWV [51]	Measures the speed at which the pressure wave travels from the brachial artery (arm) to the ankle	Peripheral arterial stiffness (by quantifying wave propagation speed in the peripheral arteries)
Carotid IMT [38–41, 43, 45, 48, 49]	Measures the thickness of the inner layers of the carotid artery wall	Thickness of the carotid artery wall
AIx or AIx adjusted for heart rate [37, 46]	Measures the effect of reflected waves on central blood pressure waveform	Aortic stiffness (by analyzing the effect of wave reflection on central blood pressure waveform)
TAC [20, 37, 42]	Measures the compliance of arteries and their ability to accommodate changes in blood volume, using the formula: SV/PP	Arterial compliance
DC [35]	Measures the changes in diameter or cross-sectional area of arteries in response to changes in blood pressure	Local arterial distensibility

AIx augmentation index, ba-PWV brachial–ankle PWV, cf-PWV PWV between carotid and femoral arteries, DC distensibility coefficient, IMT intima–media thickness, LF spectral power at low-frequency band, PP pulse pressure, PWV pulse wave velocity, SV stroke volume, TAC total arterial compliance