Table 2.
Study characteristics.
| Reference Number First Author and Country study conducted | Population Monitored & Data Collection Date | Vaccines Included | Primary Communication Method | Study Design & Data Collection Method | Name of Surveillance System(s) or Software Used | Timing of AEFI Reporting After Vaccination |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alhowaymel et al17– Saudi Arabia | Adults received AstraZeneca in Riyadh -March – May 2021 | Oxford-AstraZeneca | Not specified | Cross-sectional-Online survey link | Google Forms | Not specified |
| Amodio et al18– Italy | Vaccinated persons Palermo University Hospital-January – April 2021 | Pfizer-BioNTech | Cohort-Online survey link | Google Forms | 7 days after 1st and 2nd dose | |
| Angkasekwinai et al.19 – Thailand | Healthy Thai HCW’s Siriraj Hospital-February – July 2021 | Sinovac and Oxford-AstraZeneca | Not specified | Cohort-Online survey link | Google Forms | 7 days after each vaccination |
| Azzolini et al20 – Italy | 4156 HCW’s tertiary care hospital Northern Italy-December 2020 – April 2021 | Pfizer-BioNTech | Not specified | Cohort-Online questionnaire | Online questionnaire | Following each dose |
| Beatty et al21 – United States | 18 years + with internet access and smartphone-March 2020 – May 2021 | Pfizer-BioNTech | Phone number | Cohort-Mobile app/web-based software | Eureka | Daily, weekly, monthly surveys |
| Bettinger et al22 – Canada | Vaccinated Canadians from 7 provinces and territories-December 2020 – February 2022 | Pfizer, Moderna, Oxford-AstraZeneca | Cohort-Online questionnaire | CANVAS | 7 days after each vaccination | |
| Briggs et al23 – USA | Multiple sclerosis patients registered in the iConquer MS research network-March 22, 2021 – June 9, 2021 | Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, Johnson & Johnson, Oxford-AstraZeneca | iConquer MS web portal | Cross-sectional -Digital invitation to the web-based survey was sent to subjects via the iConquer MS web portal | iConquerMS | Not specified |
| Bsoul et al24 – USA | University of Texas Health San Antonio dentistry community-January – March 2021 | Pfizer-BioNTech | Cross-sectional- Online link | Qualtrics | 47 days after | |
| Chalermphanchai et al.25 – Thailand | Participants 18+ years completed 2 doses of 3 week Sinovac in Lampang-August – September 2021 | Sinovac | Not specified | Cohort-Online survey | Online side effect monitoring survey | Day 1, 7, 30 after injection |
| Cuschieri et al.26– Italy | Healthcare workers in the state hospital in Malta, Italy-March 29, 2021 – April 9, 2021 | Pfizer-BioNTech | Cross-sectional-Online survey link was sent to subjects via e-mail | Google Forms | Not specified | |
| D’Arminio Monforte et al.27 – Italy | HCW’s two large hospitals Milan, Italy-January – February 2021 | Pfizer-BioNTech | Cohort-Online questionnaire | Online questionnaire | Just before second dose, two weeks after second dose | |
| Deng et al28 – Australia | 16 years + vaccination sites Australia-February – August 2021 | Oxford-AstraZeneca, Pfizer-BioNTech | Email, SMS | Cohort-Link to online survey | AusVaxSafety | 0–3 days, 4–7 days after vaccination |
| Ebinger et al.29 – USA | Healthcare workers at Cedar-Sinai Medical Centre in the USA-Dec 17, 2020 – Feb 10, 2021 | Pfizer-BioNTech | Not specified | Cohort-Not specified | REDCap | Participants were prospectively instructed to complete the survey between 8–21 days after each vaccine dose |
| Figueroa30 – Mexico | HCW’s High Specialty Regional Hospital in Yucatan-January – February 2021 | Pfizer-BioNTech | Cohort-Online link | SurveyMonkey | Not specified | |
| Lai et al31 – Hong Kong | Recruited 16+ years receiving 1st dose Sinovac or Pfizer at community vaccination centers Hong Kong-February – July 2021 | Sinovac, Pfizer-BioNTech | SMS | Cohort-Online survey | Qualtrics | Up to 14 days after vaccine |
| Gepner et al32 – Israel | Not found to be COVID positive receive 2nd dose Pfizer January – March 2021 | Pfizer-BioNTech | Not specified | Cohort-Mobile application | PerMed | 15 days after |
| Goldlin et al33 – India | Vaccinees tertiary teaching hospital Tamil Nadu-January – February 2021 | Oxford-AstraZeneca | Mobile number | Cohort-Mobile phone | Mobile phone | 2 weeks after |
| Guan et al34 – Israel | Israel 2nd or 3rd BNT dose-January – September 2021 | Pfizer-BioNTech | Mobile phone | Cohort-Mobile phone questionnaire | Smartwatch/smartphone questionnaire | Up to 14 days after vaccination |
| Hammad et35 – Egypt | Healthcare workers Zagazig Faculty of Medicine Egypt -June 2021 – March 2022 | Oxford-AstraZeneca | Not specified | Cohort-Online survey link | Google Forms | Monitored after each vaccine |
| Hyun et al36 – Korea | Korean HCW’s Gangnam Severance Hospital-March – August 2021 | Oxford-AstraZeneca | Not specified | Cohort-Online survey link | Google Forms | 14 days after vaccination |
| Inoue et al37 – Japan | Medical staff Yamagata University Hospital-March – August 2021 | Pfizer-BioNTech | Not specified | Cross-sectional-Online survey link | Google Forms | Not specified |
| Javed et al38 – Saudi Arabia | HCW’s Maternity and Children Hospital Buraidah-March – April 2021 | Oxford-AstraZeneca | WhatsApp, Email | Cohort-Online survey link | Google Forms | 15–20 days post vaccination |
| Jeon et al.39 – South Korea | Healthcare workers aged <65 years at a teaching hospital in South Korea-Not specified | Oxford-AstraZeneca | SMS | Cohort-Daily web-based survey links were sent to subjects via SMS | MVAERS | Twice daily from days 0–7 after vaccination |
| Kim et al40 – South Korea | Healthcare workers in 3 referral teaching hospitals in South Korea-April, 2021 | Pfizer-BioNTech | SMS/e-mail | Cross-sectional-Online survey link was sent to subjects via SMS/e-mail | Google Forms | Range: 5–41 days after vaccination |
| Lee et al41 – South Korea | HCW’s at Hanyang University Hospital who received 2 doses-March 2021 – May 2021 | Oxford-AstraZeneca | Not specified | Cohort-Online survey | Online survey | 7 days after each dose |
| Levy et al42 – Israel | HCW’s vaccinated with Pfizer Sheba Medical Centre-December 2020 – April 2021 | Pfizer-BioNTech | SMS | Cohort-Online questionnaire | Text message questionnaire | 7 days after each dose |
| Lim et al43 – Singapore | Healthcare workers at the National University Hospital in Singapore-February 8, 2021 – April 12, 2021 | Pfizer-BioNTech | Not specified | Cross-sectional-FormSG web-based survey platform | FormSG | 7 days after vaccination |
| Lotan et al44 – Israel | Multiple sclerosis patients at Rabin Medical Centre, Israel-March 15, 2021 – April 17, 2021 | Pfizer-BioNTech | Cross-sectional-Online survey link was sent to subjects via e-mail | REDCap | Not specified | |
| Low et al45 – Singapore | Lactating HCW’s Singapore-February – March 2021 | Pfizer-BioNTech | BNT | Cohort-FormSG web-based survey platform | FormsSG | 28 days after |
| Maruyama et al.46 – Japan | HCW’s vaccinated with BNT in Japan-March – July 2021 | Pfizer-BioNTech | Not specified | Cohort-Website | Website | 8 days after injection |
| Mofaz et al47 – Israel | Participants who received more than 1 BNT Israel-November 2020 – September 2021` | Pfizer-BioNTech | Not specified | Cohort-Mobile application | PerMed mobile application | Monitored 37 days, 7 days before vaccination |
| Nachtigall et al48 – Germany | Employees of hospitals of Helios group-May – June 2021 | Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, Oxford-AstraZeneca | Cross-sectional-Online survey | Online survey | More than 5 days after injection | |
| Nittner-Marszalska et al.49 – Poland | Medical students and professionals at Wroclaw University in Poland -44,229 | Pfizer-BioNTech | Cross-sectional-Online survey link was sent to subjects via e-mail | Google Forms | Variable – vaccination dates varied, and survey was distributed on one day only | |
| Okumura et al.50 – Japan | Individuals at Keio University School of Pharmacy-June 2021 – June 2022 | Moderna | Cohort-Online survey link | Google Forms | Day 1, 3, 7 after each dose questionnaire administered online | |
| Park et al.51 – South Korea | Hospital staff at a university hospital in Daegu, South Korea-June 2, 2021 – June 18, 2021 | Pfizer-BioNTech | SMS | Cross-sectional-Online survey link was sent to subjects via SMS | NAVER Form | 3 SMS prompts from June 2–18, 2021 |
| Pellegrino et al.52 – Italy | IBD patients at University of Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’-April 2021 – January 2022 | Pfizer-BioNTech | Not specified | Cohort-Online questionnaire | Online questionnaire | 9 ± 2 days after vaccination |
| Presby et al.53 – USA | Individuals wearing WHOOP device Boston MA-44317 | Oxford-AstraZeneca, Johnson, Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna | Biometric device | Cross-sectional-Survey | Wearable biometric device | 1 week before and after |
| Rahmani et al.54 – Italy | Resident physicians at University of Genoa-January 11, 2021 – March 16, 2021 | Pfizer-BioNTech | Cross-sectional-Online survey link was sent to subjects via e-mail | LimeSurvey | 3 reminder e-mails within 7 days after vaccination | |
| Rolfes et al.55 – Netherlands | People vaccinated in Dutch immunization program-March 2021 – May 2021 | Pfizer-BioNTech, Oxford-AstraZeneca, Johnson & Johnson, Moderna | Not specified | Cohort-Online questionnaire | Lareb Intensive Monitoring System | First survey sent 7 days after vaccination, 6 questionnaires sent over period of 6 months |
| Sadarangani et al.56 – Canada | Pregnant women Canada-December 2020 - November 2021 | Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, AstraZeneca | Email, telephone number | Cohort-Online survey | REDCap | 7 days after vaccination |
| Sen et al.57 – Various countries | COVAD study multiple countries-April – September 2021 | Multiple vaccines | Not specified | Cross-sectional-Online survey | Online survey | 7 days after vaccination |
| Shimamura et al.58– Japan | Healthcare workers in hospital in Japan-March 2021 – January 2022 | Pfizer-BioNTech | SMS | Cross-sectional- Online survey link was sent to subjects via SMS | Microsoft Forms | After each vaccine, for two days |
| Song et al.59 – South Korea | Healthcare workers aged 20–64 years at Inje University Ilsan Paik Hospital in South Korea-March 17, 2021 – March 21, 2021 | Oxford-AstraZeneca | SMS | Cross-sectional-Online survey link was sent to subjects via text | Google Forms | Range: 5–9 days after vaccination |
| Supangat et al.60– Indonesia | Medical students in clerkship programs at Soebandi General Hospital in Indonesia-February, 2021 | Sinovac | Cross-sectional-Online survey link was sent to subjects via WhatsApp after each vaccine dose | Google Forms | 7 days after each dose of the vaccine | |
| Tani et al.61 – Japan | HCW’s who received 3 Pfizer doses at Fukuoka City Hospital-March 2021 – January 2022 | Pfizer-BioNTech | Not specified | Cohort-Web-based questionnaire | Web-based questionnaire | 7 days after |
| Tawinprai et al.62 – Thailand | Individuals at Chulabhorn Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand 18+ years negative for anti-SARS-CoV2 antibody were eligible-March 31 2021 – May 5 2021 | Oxford-AstraZeneca | SMS | Cohort-Online questionnaire through SMS | SMS questionnaire | Day 1 and 7 post-vaccination |
| Toussia-Cohen et al.63 – Israel | Pregnant who received 2 doses BNT to pregnant women receiving 3 doses-January – November 2021 | Pfizer-BioNTech | Not specified | Cohort-Digital questionnaire | Digital questionnaire | 2–4 wks after vaccination |
| Vigezzi et al.64 – Italy | Hospital staff to San Raffaele Hospital-January 4, 2021 – April 27, 2021 | Pfizer-BioNTech | Cross-sectional-Online survey link was sent to subjects via e-mail | SurveyMonkey | Not specified | |
| Walmsley et al.65 – Canada | Persons receiving vaccine at Ontario vaccine distribution centers-May – July 2021 | Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, Oxford-AstraZeneca | Cohort-Electronic questionnaire | Electronic questionnaire | 7 days after each dose | |
| Warkentin et al.66 – USA | Individuals at primary care practices or vaccination centers in Bavaria, Germany-April 2021 – August 2021 | Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, Oxford-AstraZeneca |
Cohort-Web-based survey | REDCap | 14–19 and 40–59 days after vaccination | |
| Wei et al.67 – China | Staff Guizhou Provincial Staff Hospital-January 2021 – January 2022 | Sinopharm, Oxford-AstraZeneca | Mobile phone | Cross-sectional-Mobile phone questionnaire | Mobile phone | 3 days after vaccination |
| Yamazaki et al.68 – Japan | HCW’s Chiba University Hospital Comirnaty vaccinees-March – April 2021 | Pfizer-BioNTech | Email/Mobile phone | Cross-sectional-Respon:sum | Respon:sum | 14 days after |
| Yechezkel et al.69 – Israel | Retrospective from Maccabi Health Services and Prospective from PerMed study-December 2021 – July 2022 | Pfizer-BioNTech | Mobile phone | Cohort-Mobile phone/smartwatch | Smartwatch/mobile application | 42 days after vaccination |
| Zhang et al.70 – China | Hospital staff in a tertiary hospital in Taizhou, China-February 24, 2021 – March 7, 2021 | Sinovac | WeChat/e-mail | Cross-sectional-Online survey link was sent to subjects via WeChat/e-mail | Wen-Juang-Xing platform | Not specified |
| Zhu et al.71 – China | Hospital staff in a tertiary hospital in Taizhou, China-February 24, 2021 – March 7, 2021 | Sinovac | WeChat/e-mail | Cross-sectional-Online survey link was sent to subjects via WeChat/e-mail | Wen-Juang-Xing platform | Not specified |