Comparison 1. ISD versus no treatment.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Recurrent urethral stricture	6	404	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.70 [0.48, 1.00]
2 Adverse events	2	91	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.60 [0.11, 3.26]
2.1 Urinary tract infection/bacteriuria	2	91	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.60 [0.11, 3.26]