Bodker 1992.

Methods	Full text. Objective: find the effect of treatment of recurrent urethral stricture by optical urethrotomy followed by intermittent self‐dilatation for 3 months. States randomised; no details. Statistical methods: Chi2.
Participants	Denmark. 61 men with recurrent anterior urethral stricture. Age: range 18‐87; Median: Observation 76; Intervention 70 Exclusions: prostatic urethral stricture, bladder cancer.
Interventions	Observation (n = 33): optical urethrotomy Intervention (n = 28): optical urethrotomy then intermittent self‐dilatation for 3 months
Outcomes	PROs: no Health economic: no Adverse events: Intervention: 2/28 urethral haemorrhage; Observation: nil reported. Acceptability: no Recurrence rate: Number of men with recurrent urethral stricture 1 year after optical urethrotomy. Definition of recurrence: flow rate < 10ml/s. Observation: 23/28 Intervention: 18/23 Time to recurrence: Median time after optical urethrotomy: Observation: 4 (range 2‐12) months Intervention: 7 (range 5‐15) months
Notes	intermittent self‐dilatation programme: twice weekly for 1 month then weekly for 2 months Withdrawals: Observation: 3 death, 1 DNA Intervention: 2 bleeding, 2 death, 1 DNA Subgroups: no.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Abstract states 'randomized to undergo internal urethrotomy'; thereafter described as allocated to groups.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	High risk	Probably not done.
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Not stated. Impossible to blind participants. Outcome assessors probably not blind.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	High risk	2 men in intervention group withdrawn owing to haemorrhage should have been evaluated for recurrence.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Expected outcomes reported.
Funding/COI	Unclear risk	No statement.