Table 2.

Maternal serum lipid concentration at 4–16 weeks and 28–42 weeks of pregnancy.

Serum lipid	Gestational week (weeks)	Number		Range			Reference interval	Percentile (%)
		Val	Del	Min	Mean ± SD	Max	Percentiles (2.5–97.5%)	2.5	5	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80	90	95	97.5
TC (mmol/L)	4–16	1880	0	1.99	4.64 ± 0.80	12.50	3.26–6.41	3.26	3.46	3.71	4.01	4.21	4.40	4.59	4.78	4.99	5.25	5.60	5.96	6.41
	28–42	1879	1	2.18	6.47 ± 1.37	22.46	4.22–9.25	4.22	4.53	4.93	5.40	5.70	6.05	6.37	6.68	7.05	7.45	8.16	8.74	9.25
	Differencea	1880	0	−1.16	1.91 ± 1.21	19.74	−0.08–4.47	−0.08	0.21	0.54	0.95	1.29	1.53	1.80	2.07	2.38	2.78	3.31	3.86	4.47
TG (mmol/L)	4–16	1880	0	0.35	1.51 ± 0.81	16.16	0.63–3.26	0.63	0.69	0.79	0.95	1.09	1.22	1.36	1.51	1.68	1.92	2.39	2.76	3.26
	28–42	1876	4	0.94	4.28 ± 2.10	21.65	1.74–9.85	1.74	1.98	2.32	2.73	3.07	3.45	3.83	4.23	4.75	5.46	6.73	8.25	9.85
	Difference	1871	9	−2.76	3.39 ± 2.25	18.91	0.65–9.21	0.65	0.95	1.29	1.75	2.13	2.48	2.93	3.39	3.90	4.60	6.09	7.38	9.21
LDLC (mmol/L)	4–16	1877	3	0.65	2.84 ± 0.67	9.58	1.63–4.19	1.63	1.80	2.01	2.33	2.53	2.69	2.84	2.97	3.13	3.32	3.59	3.90	4.19
	28–42	1670	210	0.62	3.86 ± 1.09	13.38	1.81–6.02	1.81	2.15	2.56	3.04	3.30	3.55	3.81	4.04	4.34	4.72	5.21	5.62	6.02
	Difference	1574	306	−4.46	1.01 ± 0.97	6.52	−0.81–3.01	−0.81	−0.44	−0.15	0.21	0.51	0.74	0.98	1.22	1.46	1.74	2.18	2.65	3.01
HDLC (mmol/L)	4–16	1877	3	0.43	1.42 ± 0.41	3.34	0.77–2.28	0.77	0.84	0.93	1.05	1.14	1.25	1.37	1.48	1.63	1.79	1.97	2.15	2.28
	28–42	1670	210	0.34	1.73 ± 0.41	3.55	1.04–2.61	1.04	1.14	1.22	1.38	1.50	1.59	1.70	1.79	1.91	2.05	2.26	2.45	2.61
	Difference	1574	306	−1.10	0.30 ± 0.42	1.89	−0.46–1.22	−0.46	−0.33	−0.20	−0.06	0.06	0.17	0.28	0.39	0.48	0.62	0.81	1.03	1.22
Apo-A (g/L)	4–16	1869	11	0.72	1.55 ± 0.35	2.64	0.95–2.21	0.95	1.01	1.10	1.21	1.30	1.42	1.55	1.67	1.78	1.88	2.02	2.12	2.21
	28–42	1650	230	0.89	1.96 ± 0.34	2.99	1.31–2.61	1.31	1.40	1.51	1.66	1.79	1.89	1.99	2.06	2.16	2.25	2.38	2.51	2.61
	Difference	1567	313	−0.74	0.43 ± 0.34	1.83	−0.16–1.17	−0.16	−0.07	0.03	0.14	0.23	0.31	0.40	0.48	0.57	0.70	0.90	1.06	1.17
Apo-B (g/L)	4–16	1869	11	0.20	0.84 ± 0.19	2.43	0.52–1.23	0.52	0.56	0.62	0.68	0.73	0.78	0.82	0.87	0.92	0.98	1.09	1.16	1.23
	28–42	1650	230	0.33	1.30 ± 0.30	3.31	0.76–1.97	0.76	0.86	0.95	1.06	1.14	1.21	1.28	1.36	1.44	1.53	1.68	1.81	1.97
	Difference	1566	314	−0.34	0.49 ± 0.27	2.09	0.03–1.08	0.03	0.10	0.16	0.27	0.35	0.42	0.47	0.53	0.61	0.70	0.84	0.95	1.08
Apo-E (g/L)	4–16	658	1222	17.00	42.81 ± 14.45	142.00	23.00–80.00	23.00	26.00	29.00	32.00	34.00	37.00	40.00	43.00	47.00	52.00	60.00	68.05	80.00
	28–42	672	1208	20.00	72.07 ± 30.41	288.00	35.00–141.18	35.00	38.00	43.00	50.00	55.00	60.00	66.00	72.00	80.00	91.00	105.70	121.70	141.18
	Difference	550	1330	−26.00	34.84 ± 29.18	222.00	−4.23–103.45	−4.23	2.00	7.00	15.00	19.00	24.00	30.00	35.00	43.00	51.00	67.90	79.00	103.45
FFA (mmol/L)	4–16	1877	3	0.06	0.58 ± 0.20	1.95	0.24–1.02	0.24	0.29	0.33	0.41	0.47	0.52	0.57	0.62	0.67	0.74	0.84	0.92	1.02
	28–42	1656	224	0.07	0.49 ± 0.21	2.09	0.16–0.98	0.16	0.20	0.24	0.31	0.37	0.42	0.47	0.52	0.58	0.65	0.77	0.87	0.98
	Difference	1573	307	−1.79	−0.12 ± 0.30	1.28	−0.63–0.55	−0.63	−0.57	−0.46	−0.36	−0.27	−0.21	−0.14	−0.07	0.01	0.09	0.24	0.39	0.55
sdLDL (mmol/L)	4–16	628	1252	0.17	0.91 ± 0.32	2.07	0.37–1.63	0.37	0.45	0.51	0.64	0.74	0.81	0.89	0.97	1.06	1.17	1.33	1.48	1.63
	28–42	837	1043	0.11	1.51 ± 0.49	6.56	0.73–2.44	0.73	0.84	0.97	1.14	1.26	1.36	1.46	1.57	1.70	1.87	2.11	2.28	2.44
	Difference	528	1352	−0.60	0.56 ± 0.46	2.28	−0.23–1.46	−0.23	−0.11	−0.01	0.18	0.28	0.41	0.53	0.65	0.78	0.94	1.17	1.33	1.46

Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. TC: total cholesterol, TG: triglyceride, LDLC: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Apo: apolipoprotein, FFA: free fatty acid, sdLDL: small dense LDLC, difference^a represent blood lipid values at weeks 28–42 of gestation minus the values at weeks 4–16 of gestation, Min: minimum, Max: maximum, Del: deletion, and Val: validity.