Table 3.
Comparison of maternal serum lipid concentrations among women with PE, GH, and CH.
| Gestational week (weeks) | Serum lipid | Total HDPs | PE | GH | CH | P | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GH vs. PE | CH vs.PE | ||||||
| 4–16 | TC (mmol/L) | 4.64 ± 0.80 | 4.65 ± 0.77 | 4.61 ± 0.83 | 4.73 ± 0.83 | 0.963 | 0.557 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.51 ± 0.81 | 1.49 ± 0.73 | 1.50 ± 0.96 | 1.66 ± 0.68 | 1.000 | 0.012 | |
| LDLC (mmol/L) | 2.84 ± 0.67 | 2.86 ± 0.63 | 2.79 ± 0.71 | 2.91 ± 0.69 | 0.107 | 0.916 | |
| HDLC (mmol/L) | 1.42 ± 0.41 | 1.40 ± 0.41 | 1.43 ± 0.40 | 1.45 ± 0.40 | 0.191 | 0.243 | |
| Apo-A (g/L) | 1.55 ± 0.35 | 1.53 ± 0.35 | 1.56 ± 0.35 | 1.61 ± 0.36 | 0.222 | 0.004 | |
| Apo-B (g/L) | 0.84 ± 0.19 | 0.84 ± 0.18 | 0.82 ± 0.20 | 0.89 ± 0.20 | 0.155 | 0.001 | |
| Apo-E (g/L) | 42.81 ± 14.45 | 42.31 ± 13.69 | 42.84 ± 15.48 | 44.26 ± 14.00 | 1.000 | 0.726 | |
| FFA (mmol/L) | 0.58 ± 0.20 | 0.57 ± 0.20 | 0.58 ± 0.21 | 0.64 ± 0.20 | 1.000 | <0.001 | |
| sdLDL (mmol/L) | 0.91 ± 0.32 | 0.92 ± 0.31 | 0.86 ± 0.30 | 1.01 ± 0.35 | 0.080 | 0.063 | |
| 28–42 | TC (mmol/L) | 6.47 ± 1.37 | 6.49 ± 1.46 | 6.49 ± 1.30 | 6.31 ± 1.16 | 1.000 | 0.226 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 4.28 ± 2.10 | 4.35 ± 2.06 | 4.16 ± 2.05 | 4.37 ± 2.43 | 0.236 | 1.000 | |
| LDLC (mmol/L) | 3.86 ± 1.09 | 3.90 ± 1.08 | 3.87 ± 1.10 | 3.66 ± 1.03 | 1.000 | 0.013 | |
| HDLC (mmol/L) | 1.73 ± 0.41 | 1.70 ± 0.40 | 1.78 ± 0.42 | 1.70 ± 0.39 | <0.001 | 1.000 | |
| Apo-A (g/L) | 1.96 ± 0.34 | 1.94 ± 0.34 | 2.00 ± 0.34 | 1.99 ± 0.32 | 0.002 | 0.102 | |
| Apo-B (g/L) | 1.30 ± 0.30 | 1.31 ± 0.30 | 1.30 ± 0.30 | 1.28 ± 0.26 | 0.818 | 0.636 | |
| Apo-E (g/L) | 72.07 ± 30.41 | 72.12 ± 29.54 | 71.45 ± 32.17 | 73.39 ± 29.21 | 1.000 | 1.000 | |
| FFA (mmol/L) | 0.49 ± 0.21 | 0.49 ± 0.21 | 0.49 ± 0.21 | 0.50 ± 0.24 | 1.000 | 1.000 | |
| sdLDL (mmol/L) | 1.51 ± 0.49 | 1.55 ± 0.53 | 1.50 ± 0.48 | 1.42 ± 0.36 | 0.454 | 0.021 | |
|
| |||||||
| Differencea | TC (mmol/L) | 1.91 ± 1.21 | 1.94 ± 1.32 | 1.91 ± 1.06 | 1.73 ± 1.17 | 1.000 | 0.045 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 3.39 ± 2.25 | 3.47 ± 2.22 | 3.28 ± 2.17 | 3.33 ± 2.58 | 0.295 | 1.000 | |
| LDLC (mmol/L) | 1.01 ± 0.97 | 1.05 ± 0.95 | 1.03 ± 0.98 | 0.78 ± 1.00 | 1.000 | 0.001 | |
| HDLC (mmol/L) | 0.30 ± 0.42 | 0.29 ± 0.43 | 0.32 ± 0.40 | 0.25 ± 0.39 | 0.699 | 0.539 | |
| Apo-A (g/L) | 0.43 ± 0.34 | 0.42 ± 0.35 | 0.45 ± 0.33 | 0.40 ± 0.34 | 0.623 | 1.000 | |
| Apo-B (g/L) | 0.49 ± 0.27 | 0.50 ± 0.28 | 0.49 ± 0.25 | 0.43 ± 0.29 | 1.000 | 0.003 | |
| Apo-E (g/L) | 34.84 ± 29.18 | 36.76 ± 29.17 | 34.40 ± 29.02 | 30.35 ± 29.35 | 1.000 | 0.228 | |
| FFA (mmol/L) | −0.12 ± 0.30 | −0.10 ± 0.30 | −0.14 ± 0.29 | −0.17 ± 0.28 | 0.096 | 0.008 | |
| sdLDL (mmol/L) | 0.56 ± 0.46 | 0.60 ± 0.47 | 0.60 ± 0.44 | 0.39 ± 0.42 | 1.000 | 0.001 | |
Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. HDP: hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, PE: preeclampsia, GH: gestational hypertension, CH: chronic hypertension, TC: total cholesterol, TG: triglyceride, LDLC: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, Apo: apolipoprotein, FFA: free fatty acid, sdLDL: small dense LDLC, differencea represent blood lipid values at weeks 28–42 of gestation minus the values at weeks 4–16 of gestation, and vs.: versus.