Table 4.
Group comparison of whole brain, subcortical and cortical parcellated volumes by deep-learning based segmentation (DLS) method.
| Control mean (SD) | Patients mean (SD) | Difference between means (%) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Whole brain volume analysis | ||||
| Total brain | 1127.07 (155.73) | 1041.66 (228.22) | − 7.8 | < 0.001** |
| Total GM | 610.37 (6.878) | 557.01 (11.17) | − 9.0 | < 0.001** |
| Cortical GM | 566.30 (6.53) | 516.36 (10.65) | − 9.1 | < 0.001** |
| Subcortical GM | 44.07 (0.62) | 40.66 (0.79) | − 8.0 | < 0.001** |
| Total WM | 358.87 (.8627.97) | 331.67 (10.63) | − 7.8 | < 0.001* |
| Total cerebellum | 128.51 (2.59) | 124.72 (3.28) | − 3.0 | 0.088* |
| Cerebellar WM | 21.21 (0.76) | 20.78 (0.87) | − 2.1 | 0.413* |
| Cerebellar GM | 107.30 (1.90) | 103.89 (2.50) | − 3.2 | 0.086 |
| Left, difference between means (%) | Left, p-value | Right, difference between means (%) | Right, p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cortical volume analysis | ||||
| Frontal | ||||
| Superior frontal gyrus | − 8.4 | 0.015 | − 9.5 | 0.024 |
| Rostral middle frontal | − 10.3 | 0.045 | − 12.2 | 0.016 |
| Caudal middle frontal | − 4.5 | 1 | − 9.5 | 1 |
| Pars opercularis | − 13.2 | 0.154 | − 8.0 | 1 |
| Pars triangularis | − 10.9 | 1 | − 9.1 | 1 |
| Pars orbitalis | − 11.7 | 0.558 | − 9.2 | 0.226 |
| Lateral orbitofrontal | − 13.1 | < 0.001** | − 11.9 | < 0.001 |
| Medial orbitofrontal | − 3.7 | 1 | − 4.9 | 1 |
| Precentral | − 7.6 | < 0.001** | − 8.2 | < 0.001 |
| Paracentral | − 1.2 | 1 | − 8.9 | 0.397 |
| Frontal pole | − 2.9 | 1 | − 10.3 | 0.807 |
| Rostral anterior cingulate | − 18.2 | 0.032 | − 15.4 | 0.179 |
| Caudal anterior cingulate | − 8.9 | 1 | − 5.7 | 1 |
| Parietal | ||||
| Superior parietal | − 9.0 | 0.035 | − 3.2 | 1 |
| Inferior parietal | − 12.0 | < 0.001** | − 18.0 | < 0.001 |
| Supramarginal | − 4.8 | 1 | − 7.1 | 0.752 |
| Postcentral | − 3.1 | 1 | − 7.1 | 1** |
| Precuneus | − 10.7 | 0.169 | − 11.8 | 0.062 |
| Posterior cingulate | − 10.1 | 0.296 | − 10.1 | 0.445 |
| Isthmus cingulate | − 9.6 | 0.017 | − 13.5 | < 0.001** |
| Temporal | ||||
| Superior temporal | − 7.6 | 1 | − 6.9 | 1 |
| Middle temporal | − 11.8 | 0.368 | − 14.0 | 0.001** |
| Inferior temporal | − 7.0 | 1 | − 2.8 | 1 |
| Banks of the STS | − 17.3 | < 0.001 | − 15.1 | 0.022 |
| Fusiform | − 8.8 | 0.553 | − 8.4 | 0.984 |
| Transverse temporal | − 0.6 | 1 | − 7.5 | 1 |
| Entorhinal | − 11.7 | 0.959 | − 2.4 | 1 |
| Temporal pole | − 7.1 | 1 | − 4.5 | 1 |
| Parahippocampal | − 16.0 | < 0.001 | − 9.4 | 0.162 |
| Occipital | ||||
| Lateral occipital | − 12.3 | 0.064 | − 9.9 | 1 |
| Lingual | − 6.1 | 1 | − 8.3 | 1 |
| Cuneus | − 7.3 | 1 | − 8.5 | 1 |
| Pericalcarine | − 6.7 | 1 | − 6.1 | 1 |
| Insular cortex | − 6.3 | 0.537 | − 8.0 | < 0.001 |
| Subcortical volume analysis | ||||
| Thalamus | − 5.4 | 0.006 | − 6.8 | < 0.001 |
| Putamen | − 10.2 | 0.003** | − 9.6 | 0.005** |
| Caudate | − 10.4 | < 0.001** | − 12.5 | < 0.001** |
| Pallidum | − 5.7 | 0.123 | − 9.4 | 0.001 |
| Accumbens | − 6.5 | 1** | − 4.4 | 1** |
General linear models were used to account for correlation by matching of age and gender.
Bold font indicates statistical significance (p < 0.001) after Bonferroni correction.
Volume were normalized by ICV and expressed in mL.
GM gray matter, WM white matter, SD standard deviation.
**p-values < 0.001, and *p-values < 0.05: the areas with significant differences between two group had been shown in previous study using FreeSurfer with manual correction method.