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. 2024 Feb 21;4:24. doi: 10.1038/s43856-024-00440-y

Table 2.

Most common post COVID-19 symptoms (n = 2539)

Population By COVID-19 test result
Symptom Positive Negative P-value P-value Odds ratio
Na Yesb % Na Yesb % Na Yesb % Unadjusted Adjustedc [95% CI]
General symptoms
   Fatigue/Tiredness 2281 1173 51.4 1267 754 59.5 1,014 419 41.3 <0.001 <0.001 2.15 [1.79–2.60]
   Muscle & body aches 2270 724 31.9 1260 471 37.4 1,010 253 25.0 <0.001 <0.001 1.83 [1.49–2.24]
   Joint pains 2269 700 30.9 1261 456 36.2 1,008 244 24.2 <0.001 <0.001 1.99 [1.62–2.46]
   Shortness of breath 2272 527 23.2 1261 384 30.5 1,011 143 14.1 <0.001 <0.001 2.68 [2.13–3.39]
   Cough 2263 525 23.2 1253 330 26.3 1,010 195 19.3 <0.001 <0.001 1.55 [1.25–1.94]
Brain & nervous system
   Headaches 2215 977 44.1 1224 610 49.8 991 367 37.0 <0.001 <0.001 1.60 [1.32–1.94]
   Concentration problems 2228 908 40.8 1236 625 50.6 992 283 28.5 <0.001 <0.001 2.64 [2.17–3.22]
   Memory problems 2226 677 30.4 1233 486 39.4 993 191 19.2 <0.001 <0.001 2.65 [2.15–3.28]
   General weakness 2224 487 21.9 1233 332 26.9 991 155 15.6 <0.001 <0.001 2.03 [1.61–2.57]
   Dizziness 2219 452 20.4 1229 305 24.8 990 147 14.8 <0.001 <0.001 1.92 [1.52–2.43]
   Balance problems 2222 419 18.9 1231 281 22.8 991 138 13.9 <0.001 <0.001 2.07 [1.62–2.66]
Mental well-being
   Difficulty sleeping 2216 1,054 47.6 1234 643 52.1 982 411 41.9 <0.001 <0.001 1.42 [1.18–1.71]
   Anxiety 2213 1,068 48.3 1229 628 51.1 984 440 44.7 <0.001 0.086 1.18 [0.98–1.42]
   Depression 2219 775 34.9 1233 467 37.9 986 308 31.2 0.001 0.040 1.22 [1.01–1.48]
Ears, nose, and throat
   Congested nose 2260 775 34.3 1251 468 37.4 1,009 307 30.4 <0.001 0.008 1.28 [1.07–1.54]
   Ringing in ears 2250 494 22.0 1245 303 24.3 1,005 191 19.0 0.002 0.001 1.42 [1.15–1.76]
Heart or circulation
   Irregular heartbeats 2242 447 19.9 1243 311 25.0 999 136 13.6 <0.001 <0.001 2.19 [1.73–2.80]
   Leg pain when walking 2239 421 18.8 1241 287 23.1 998 134 13.4 <0.001 <0.001 2.08 [1.62–2.67]
Eyes or vision
   Dry eyes 2238 585 26.1 1242 349 28.1 996 236 23.7 0.019 <0.001 1.44 [1.17–1.78]
Stomach or digestion
   Heartburn (reflux) 2238 534 23.9 1237 334 27.0 1,001 200 20.0 <0.001 <0.001 1.47 [1.20–1.81]

aResponder (Reported yes symptom or no symptom).

bN Reported patient with symptom.

cP-Value calculation by Logistic Regression adjusted for age, sex, BMI, vaccine status, race/ethnicity, CCI, and time after COVID-19 test, respectively. See Supplementary Fig. 2 for a graphical representation of odds ratio and 95% confidence interval.