Table 2.
Group comparisons of demographic, serologic, electrophysiological, DCE perfusion parameters of the sciatic nerve and of compound z‑scores of quantitative sensory testing of controls and T2D participants with and without SFN
| HC | nDPN | SFN | p-value | HC vs. nDPN | HC vs. SFN | nDPN vs. SFN | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ktrans (min−1) | 0.031 ± 0.009 | 0.0474 ± 0.015 | 0.038 ± 0.153 | 0.034K | 0.028 | 0.920 | 0.462 |
| Ve (%) | 1.2 ± 1.5 | 5.1 ± 5.4 | 2.8 ± 4.8 | 0.041K | 0.034 | 0.754 | 0.649 |
| Vp (%) | 4.7 ± 0.5 | 4.5 ± 0.5 | 6.3 ± 5.1 | 0.450K | 0.695 | > 0.999 | > 0.999 |
| Age (years) | 59.9 ± 7.2 | 64 ± 8.9 | 59.5 ± 11.50 | 0.405K | 0.725 | > 0.999 | 0.768 |
| Gender | 6w/4m | 5w/5m | 4w/4m | 0.883K | > 0.999 | > 0.999 | > 0.999 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.7 ± 3.6 | 28.9 ± 4.5 | 27.6 ± 4.225 | 0.240A | 0.215 | 0.590 | 0.800 |
| Glucose (mg/dl) | 92.9 ± 8.4 | 140.3 + 33.6 | 140.9 ± 49.15 | 0.001K | 0.003 | 0.009 | > 0.999 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 36.9 ± 6.9 | 49.7 ± 9.2 | 54.1 ± 18.7 | 0.003K | 0.003 | 0.009 | > 0.999 |
| HbA1c (%) | 5.5 ± 0.6 | 6.7 ± 0.9 | 7.1 ± 1.7 | 0.003K | 0.010 | 0.008 | > 0.999 |
| eGFR (ml/min) | 91.1 ± 13.2 | 85.1 ± 18.9 | 93.8 ± 14.3 | 0.012K | > 0.999 | 0.708 | 0.228 |
| Sural nerve NCV (m/s) | 44.4 ± 3.4 | 47 ± 7.1 | 49.7 ± 9.7 | 0.424K | 0.337 | 0.775 | > 0.999 |
| Sural nerve SNAP | 10.6 ± 6.6 | 6.5 ± 4.2 | 6.4 ± 3.6 | 0.241K | 0.396 | 0.543 | > 0.999 |
| Peroneal nerve NCV (m/s) | 45.5 ± 4.2 | 42.6 ± 3.7 | 43.1 ± 7.0 | 0.405A | 0.411 | 0.583 | 0.973 |
| Tibial nerve NCV (m/s) | 45.2 ± 4.4 | 43.0 ± 4.6 | 42.8 ± 6.9 | 0.548A | 0.628 | 0.590 | 0.995 |
| Compound z‑score of thermal detection | −0.67 ± 0.54 | −0.46 ± 0.83 | −1.43 ± 1.35 | 0.092A | 0.866 | 0.214 | 0.088 |
| Compound z‑score of thermal pain | 0.34 ± 0.66 | −0.37 ± 0.80 | −0.57 ± 0.90 | 0.810A | 0.997 | 0.817 | 0.856 |
| Compound z‑score of mechanical detection | −0.53 ± 1.30 | −0.63 ± 1.44 | −1.29 ± 1.87 | 0.565A | 0.989 | 0.572 | 0.652 |
| Compound z‑score of mechanical pain | 0.99 ± 0.95 | 1.301 ± 0.27 | 1.28 ± 0.83 | 0.584A | 0.610 | 0.690 | 0.997 |
All values are displayed as mean ± standard deviation
Ktrans constant of permeability, vp plasma volume fraction, ve extracellular extravascular volume fraction, BMI body mass index, n.a. not applicable, eGFR glomerular filtration rate, NCV nerve conduction velocity, SNAP sensory nerve action potential
A p value obtained from ordinary one-way Anova and post hoc p values obtained from Tukeys multiple comparisons test
K p value obtained from Kruskal-Wallis-test and post hoc p values obtained from Dunn’s multiple comparisons test