Table 2.
Non-invasive rest and exercise-stress imaging
| Variable | Cardiovascular events | No cardiovascular events | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| n = 23a | n = 44a | ||
| Echocardiography | |||
| STE LV GLS rest | − 15.9 (− 11.9, − 18.9) | − 15.5 (− 13.2, − 19.2) | 0.899 |
| STE LV GLS stress | − 14.4 (− 9.3, − 17.0) | − 15.5 (− 13.8, − 19.7) | 0.233 |
| STE LA Es rest | 15.9 (10.2, 25.5) | 30.3 (25.9, 33.6) | < 0.001 |
| STE LA Es stress | 15.3 (9.6, 27.3) | 29.0 (21.4, 36.4) | 0.004 |
| Conventional cardiovascular magnetic resonance | |||
| FT LV GLS | − 19.8 (− 18.7, − 22.3) | − 20.8 (− 19.2, − 23.3) | 0.205 |
| FT LV GCS | − 36.4 (− 29.4, − 39.4) | − 34.4 (− 30.9, − 37.1) | 0.501 |
| FT LV GRS | 68.3 (60.1, 74.6) | 62.8 (52.6, 70.9) | 0.066 |
| FT RV GLS | − 24.6 (− 20.4, − 26.6) | − 22.8 (− 19.9, − 26.1) | 0.376 |
| FT LA Es | 23.1 (14.3, 30.8) | 33.9 (27.9, 40.6) | < 0.001 |
| FT LA Ee | 9.9 (7.8, 13.2) | 16.4 (12.0, 21.6) | < 0.001 |
| FT LA Ea | 11.3 (6.6, 16.4) | 16.9 (13.4, 20.9) | 0.002 |
| Native T1 myocardium (ms) | 1196 (1183, 1224) | 1212 (1186, 1248) | 0.224 |
| Native T1 septum (ms) | 1208 (1167, 1231) | 1203 (1179, 1230) | 0.792 |
| ECV myocardium | 25.9 (24.0, 28.2) | 25.6 (24.2, 27.5) | 0.840 |
| ECV septum | 25.0 (23.2, 28.4) | 25.3 (23.3, 26.9) | 0.962 |
| Real-time cardiovascular magnetic resonance | |||
| LV LAS Rest | 13.2 (11.2, 14.2) | 14.2 (12.1, 16.2) | 0.028 |
| LV LAS Stress | 16.1 (12.6, 19.0) | 18.0 (14.4, 20.0) | 0.146 |
| LA EF Rest | 32.0 (22.3, 37.8) | 38.8 (34.3, 43.1) | 0.002 |
| LA EF Stress | 32.3 (19.0, 42.7) | 42.2 (35.9, 49.5) | 0.002 |
| LA LAS Rest | 13.7 (9.3, 17.8) | 21.6 (17.2, 26.3) | < 0.001 |
| LA LAS Stress | 17.6 (9.0, 26.3) | 25.7 (18.4, 30.2) | 0.006 |
All values are reported in % unless stated otherwise. Independent continuous parameters are presented as medians with interquartile ranges and were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test. Bold p values indicate statistical significance
STE speckle tracking echocardiography, LV left ventricular, LA left atrium, FT feature-tracking, GLS/GCS/GRS global longitudinal/circumferential/radial strain, Es/Ee/Ea atrial reservoir/conduit/booster pump function, LAS long axis strain, EF ejection fraction
aNumbers differ for echocardiographic assessments shown for study with/without hospitalisation (LV GLS rest n = 17/35, LV GLS stress n = 15/30, LA Es n = 17/36 and LA Es stress n = 15/31)