Table 3.

A Limitation Word or Phrase is a Limitation Having Additional Components That Are Additional Limitations. When an Author Uses the Limitation Composite Word or Phrase, They Leave out Which One of Its Components is Contributory to the Research Limitations. Each Limitation Interacts with Other Limitations, Creating a Cluster of Cross Complexities of Data, Findings, and Conclusions That Are Tainted and Negatively Affect Findings and Conclusions

Small Sample Size	Retrospective Study	Selection Bias
Low statistical power	Missing information	Affects internal validity
Estimates not reliable	Recall bias	Nonrandom selection
Prone to biased samples	Observer bias	Leads to confounding
Not generalizable	Misclassification bias	Not generalizable
Prone to false negative error	Observer bias	Inaccurate relation to variables
Prone to false positive error	Evidence less robust than prospective study	Observer bias
Sampling error	Missing data	Sampling bias
	Confounding factors	Volunteer bias
	Selection bias	Survivorship bias