Table 3. Data coding manual.

TDF domain and content	Constructs	Decision Rules
Knowledge: An awareness of the existence of something	Knowledge (including knowledge of condition): An awareness of the existence of something	Consider coding to this domain:     •   Discussion relating to older adults’ knowledge and understanding (or lack thereof) of how to use camera-based AAL technologies. Inappropriate coding to this domain:     •   Discussion relating to personalized accounts of hypothetical behavior - e.g., statements such as “I would educate myself on how to use the technology” should be coded at “Behavioral Regulation” instead.
	Procedural knowledge: Knowing how to do something
	Knowledge of task environment: Knowledge of the social and material context in which a task is undertaken
Skills: an ability or proficiency acquired through practice	Skills: An ability or proficiency acquired through training and/or practice	Consider coding to this domain:     •   Discussion about the skills (or lack thereof) employed by older adults to use camera-based AAL technologies. Inappropriate coding to this domain:     •   Discussion relating to older adults’ confidence in their ability to use camera-based AAL technologies should be coded at “Beliefs about capabilities” instead.
	Skills development: The gradual acquisition or advancement through progressive stages of an ability or proficiency acquired through training and practice
	Competence: One’s repertoire of skills, and ability especially as it is applied to a task or set of tasks
	Ability: Competence or capacity to perform a physical or mental act. Ability may be either unlearned or acquired by education and practice
	Interpersonal skills: An aptitude enabling a person to carry on effective relationships with others, such as an ability to cooperate, to assume appropriate social responsibilities or to exhibit adequate flexibility
	Practice: Repetition of an act, behavior, or series of activities, often to improve performance or acquire a skill
	Skills assessment: A judgement of the quality, worth, importance. Level or value of an ability or proficiency acquired through training and practice
Social/Professional role and identity: A coherent set of behaviors and displayed personal qualities of an individual in a social or work setting	Professional identity: The characteristics by which an individual is recognized relating to, connected with, or befitting a particular profession	Consider coding to this domain:     •   Discussion relating to older adults’ perceived need (or lack thereof) for camera-based AAL technologies.     •   Discussion relating to older adults’ belief about the stigmatizing qualities of camera-based AAL technologies.     •   Discussion relating to how older adults’ self-identity - e.g., as “old-fashioned” - impacts their acceptance of camera-based AAL technologies.     •   Discussion relating to older adults’ belief that using camera-based AAL technologies threatens their autonomy and/or dignity. Inappropriate coding to this domain:     •   Statements relating to social relationships that influence older adults’ acceptance of camera-based AAL technologies – e.g., descriptions of older adults’ need for social approval from peers or family members and how this influences their acceptance decisions - should be coded at “Social Influences” instead.
	Professional role: The behavior considered appropriate for a particular kind of work or social position
	Social identity: The set of behavioral or personal characteristics by which an individual is recognizable [and portrays] as a member of a social group
	Identity: An individual’s sense of self defined by a) a set of physical and psychological characteristics that is not wholly shared with any other person and b) a range of social and interpersonal affiliations ( e.g., ethnicity) and social roles.
	Professional boundaries: The bounds or limits relating to, or connected with a particular profession or calling
	Professional confidence: an individual’s belief in his or her repertoire of skills and ability especially as it is applied to a task or set of tasks.
	Group identity: the set of behavioral or personal characteristics by which an individual is recognizable [and portrays] as a member of a group
	Leadership: The processes involved in leading others, including organizing, directing, coordinating, and motivating their efforts toward achievement of certain group or organization goals
	Organizational commitment: An employee’s dedication to an organization and wish to remain part of it. Organizational commitment is often described as having both an emotional or moral element and a more prudent element
Beliefs about capabilities: Acceptance of the truth, reality, or validity about an ability, talent, or facility that a person can put to constructive use	Self-confidence: Self-assurance or trust in one’s own abilities, capabilities, and judgement	Consider coding to this domain:     •   Descriptions of older adults’ sense of aptitude for, or confidence in, using camera-based AAL technologies ( i.e., self-efficacy).     •   Descriptions of older adults’ perceived control over the operations of camera-based AAL technologies ( e.g., turning cameras on/off, deciding where, when, and how recording takes place, and to whom information should be transmitted).     •   Descriptions of older adults’ perceived control over the decision of whether to use camera-based AAL technologies. Inappropriate coding to this domain     •   Descriptions of older adults’ beliefs about the capabilities of other individuals ( e.g., family members, informal/formal caregivers) to use camera-based AAL technologies.
	Perceived competence: An individual’s belief in her or her ability to learn and execute skills
	Self-efficacy: An individual’s capacity to act effectively to bring about desired results, as perceived by the individual
	Perceived behavioral control: an individual’s perception of the ease or difficulty of performing the behavior of interest
	Beliefs: The thing believed; the proposition or set of propositions held true
	Self-esteem: The degree to which the qualities and characteristics contained in one’s self-concept are perceived to be positive
	Empowerment: The promotion of the skills, knowledge, and confidence necessary to take great control of one’s life as in certain educational or social schemes; the delegation of increase decision- making powers to individuals or groups in a society or organization
	Professional confidence: An individual’s beliefs in his or her repertoire of skills, and ability, especially as it is applied to a task or set of tasks.
Optimism: The confidence that things will happen for the best or that desired goals will be attained	Optimism: The attitude that outcomes will be positive and that people’s wishes or aims will be ultimately fulfilled	Consider coding to this domain:     •   Descriptions of older adults' optimism regarding their current health optimism regarding their current health and/or the reality of their ageing – e.g., descriptions of older adults’ belief that they are “younger” or “healthier” than they really are – and how this impacts their acceptance of camera-based AAL technologies. Inappropriate coding to this domain:     •   Description of other people’s ( e.g., family members, healthcare professionals) levels of optimism about the effectiveness and/or usefulness of camera-based AAL technologies.
	Pessimism: The attitude that things will go wrong and that people’s wishes or aims are unlikely to be fulfilled
	Unrealistic optimism: the inert tendency for humans to over-rate their own abilities and chances of positive outcomes compared to those of other people
Beliefs about Consequences: Acceptance of the truth, reality, or validity about outcomes of a behavior in a given situation	Beliefs: The thing believed; the proposition or set of propositions held true	Consider coding to this domain:     •   Description of older adults’ beliefs about the potential negative outcomes that may result from their use of camera-based AAL technologies such as privacy infringements, technical issues (e.g., false alarms), etc.     •   Description of older adults’ beliefs about the positive outcomes that may result from their use of camera-based AAL technologies – increased health, wellbeing, safety, independence, longevity, etc.     •   Description of older adults’ belief that camera-based AAL technologies confer (or do not confer) utility.     •   Description of older adults’ belief about outcomes relating to the data that will be collected, processed, and transmitted by camera- based AAL technologies – e.g., beliefs about whether images and/or recordings undergo (or do not undergo) processing for enhanced privacy.     •   Note: outcomes can be theoretical or the result of actual experience. Inappropriate coding to this domain:     •   Description relating to an anticipated outcome of using camera- based AAL technologies that is based on the beliefs that older adults have about themselves – e.g., description of older adults’ belief that camera-based AAL technologies will be of little to no utility to them because they see themselves as “young and healthy” should be coded to “Social/Professional Role and Identity” instead.
	Outcome expectancies: Cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and affective outcomes that are assumed to be associated with future or intended behavior. These assumed outcomes can either promote or inhibit future behaviors.
	Characteristics of outcome expectancies: Characteristics of the cognitive, emotional, and behavioral outcomes that individuals believe are associated with future or intended behaviors and that are believed to either promote or inhibit these behaviors. These include whether they are sanctions/rewards, proximal/distal, valued/not valued, probable/improbable. Salient/not salient, perceived risks or threats.
	Anticipated regret: A sense of the potential negative consequences of a decision that influences the choice made: for example, an individual may decide not to make an investment because of the feelings associated with an imagined loss
	Consequents: An outcome behavior in a given situation
Reinforcement: Increasing the probability of a response by arranging a dependent relationship, or contingency, between the response and a given stimulus	Rewards (proximal/distal, valued/ not valued, probable/improbable): Return or recompense made to, or received by a person contingent on some performance.	Consider coding to this domain:     •   Description of how older adults’ previous usage of (assistive) technology impacts their current acceptance of camera-based AAL technologies.     •   Description of how older adults’ previous experiences ( e.g., prior adverse health events, prior receipt of care) impact their current acceptance of camera-based AAL technologies. Inappropriate coding to this domain:     •   Description of outcomes that older adults expect to result from using camera-based AAL technologies that are not contingent rewards – e.g., description of older adults’ belief that using camera-based AAL technologies will relieve their family members’ caregiving burdens should be coded to “Social Influences” instead.
	Incentives: An external stimulus, such as condition or object, that enhances or serves as a motive for behavior
	Punishment: The process in which the relationship between the response and stimulus or circumstance results in the response becoming less probable; a painful, unwanted, or undesired event or circumstance imposed as a penalty on a wrongdoer
	Consequents: An outcome of behavior in a given situation
	Reinforcement: A process in which the frequency of a response is increased by a dependent relationship or contingency with a stimulus
	Contingencies: A conditional probabilistic relation between two events. Contingencies may be arranged via dependencies or they may emerge by accident
	Sanctions: A punishment or other coercive measure, usually administered by a recognized authority, that is used to penalize and deter inappropriate or unauthorized actions.
Intentions: A conscious decision to perform a behavior or a resolve to act in a certain way	Stability of intentions: ability of one’s resolve to remain in spite of disturbing influences	Consider coding to this domain:     •   Description of older adults’ personal intent, motivation, or inclination to use camera-based AAL technologies.     •   Note: Use of the 1st person “I will”, “I would” are strong indications to consider coding at this domain.     •   Note: Indicators of intention should be explicit and not inferred. Statements should therefore directly reflect older adults’ intention and/or motivation, rather than the reasons underpinning this intention. Inappropriate coding to this domain:     •   Description of how older adults choose between two or more alternatives in order to reach an intended outcome – e.g., description of how older adults prioritize their ability to remain at home over and above preserving their privacy should be coded at “Memory, Attention, and Decision Processes” instead.
	Stages of Change model: A model that proposes that behavior change is accomplished through five specific stages
	Transtheoretical model and stages of change: a five-stage theory to explain changes in people’s health behavior. It suggests that change takes time, that different interventions are effective at different stages, and that there are multiple outcomes occurring across the stages
Goals: Mental representations of outcomes or end states that an individual wants to achieve	Goals (distal/proximal): Desired state of affairs of a person or system, these may be closer (proximal) or further away (distal)	Consider coding to this domain:     •   Description of older adults’ acceptance of camera-based AAL technologies in relation to a distinct and identifiable endpoint - e.g., description of older adults’ decision to use camera-based AAL technologies in order to age-in-place and avoid institutionalization should be coded here. This differs from “Intentions” where older adults may describe their resolve to use the technology without any specific reference to an endpoint. Inappropriate coding to this domain:     •   Description of how older adults prioritize one anticipated outcome of using camera-based AAL technologies over another may be more appropriately coded elsewhere, especially if no specific reference is made to target endpoints – e.g., statements relating to trade-offs made by older adults between preserving their privacy and having enhanced health and independence should be coded at “Memory, Attention, and Decision Processes” instead.
	Goal priority: Order of importance or urgency of end state toward which one is striving
	Goal/target setting: A process that establishes specific time-based behavioral targets that are measurable, achievable, and realistic
	Goals (autonomous/controlled): The end state toward which one is striving: the purpose of an activity or endeavor. It can be identified by observing that a person ceases or changes their behavior upon attaining this state; proficiency in a task to be achieved within a set period of time
	Action planning: The action or process of forming a plan regarding a thing to be done or a deed
	Implementation intention: The plan that one creates in advance of when, where, and how one will enact a behavior
Memory, Attention and Decision Processes: The ability to retain information, focus selectively on aspects of the environment and choose between two or more alternatives	Memory: The ability to retain information or a representation of a past experience, based on the mental processes of learning or encoding retention across some interval of time, and retrieval or reactivation of the memory; specific information of a specific task	Consider coding to this domain:     •   Description of the cognitive cost-benefit analyses that older adults engage in when contemplating usage of camera-based AAL technologies.     •   Description of cognitive processes involved when older adults choose between two or more alternative outcomes in relation to using camera-based AAL technologies – e.g., trade-offs between preserving their privacy and ageing-in-place.     •   Description of older adults’ decisions regarding the timing of their usage of camera-based AAL technologies – e.g., description of a willingness to use the technology in the future but not now. Inappropriate coding to this domain     •   Description of older adults’ beliefs about their own decisional control over whether to use camera-based AAL technologies should be coded at “Beliefs about Capabilities” instead.
	Attention: A state of awareness in which the senses are focused selectively on aspects of the environment and the central nervous system is in a state of readiness to respond to stimuli
	Attention control: The extent to which a person can concentrate on relevant cues and ignore all irrelevant cues in a given situation
	Decision making: The cognitive process of choosing between two or more alternatives, ranging from the relatively clear-cut to the complex
	Cognitive overload/tiredness: The situation in which the demands placed on a person by mental work are greater than a person’s mental abilities
Environmental Context and Resources: Any circumstance of a person's situation or environment that discourages or encourages the development of skills and abilities, independence, social competence, and adaptive behavior	Environmental stressors: External factors in the environment that cause stress	Consider coding to this domain:     •   Description of the obtrusiveness (or lack thereof) of camera-based AAL technologies, as perceived by older adults.     •   Description of the affordability (or lack thereof) of camera-based AAL technologies, as perceived by older adults.     •   Description of the ease-of-use (or lack thereof) of camera-based AAL technologies, as perceived by older adults     •   Description of the availability (or lack thereof) of resources ( e.g., Internet connection) to facilitate usage of camera-based AAL technologies.     •   Description of how camera-based AAL technologies are seen as integrating (or failing to integrate) with older adults’ existing lifestyles. Inappropriate coding to this domain:     •   Description of the actions taken by older adults in order to secure the necessary resources required to use camera-based AAL technologies should be coded at “Behavioral Regulation” instead.
	Resources/material resources: Commodities and human resources used in enacting a behavior
	Organizational culture/climate: A distinctive pattern of thought and behavior shared by members of the same organization and reflected in their language, values, attitudes, beliefs, and customs
	Salient events/critical incidents: Occurrences that one judges to be distinctive, prominent, or otherwise significant
	Personal environment interaction: Interplay between the individual and their surroundings
	Barriers and facilitators: In psychological contexts, barriers/facilitators are mental, emotional, or behavioral limitations/strengths in individuals or groups
Social influences: Those interpersonal processes that can cause individuals to change their thoughts, feelings, or behaviors	Social pressure: the exertion of influence on a person or group by another person or group	Consider coding to this domain:     •   Description of older adults’ preference for human-provided care and interaction compared to technologically mediated care and interaction.     •   Description of older adults’ concern about how camera-based AAL technologies may create burdens for their caregivers.     •   Description of older adults’ belief that using camera-based AAL technologies will relieve the burdens faced by their family members, caregivers and/or healthcare professionals.     •   Description of older adults’ belief that using camera-based AAL technologies will allow them to build stronger social relationships and/or expand their social networks.     •   Description of how camera-based AAL technologies ( e.g., social robots) are seen as social companions.     •   Description of how older adults’ acceptance of camera-based AAL technologies is influenced by the opinions or behaviors of others - e.g., family members, community peers, healthcare professionals.     •   Description of how the presence (or lack thereof) of social support ( e.g., spousal support) influences older adults’ acceptance of camera-based AAL technologies.     •   Discussion relating to how instructions and/or guidance from others impact older adults’ acceptance of camera-based AAL technologies – e.g., descriptions of how older adults accept the technology due to medical directives by healthcare professionals. Inappropriate coding to this domain:     •   Description of older adults’ belief that camera-acquired data will be transmitted only to certain authorized individuals ( e.g., family members, healthcare professionals) should be coded at “Beliefs about Consequences” instead, as this relates more to the perceived consequences of using the technology.
	Social norms: Socially determined consensual standards that indicate a) what behaviors are considered typical in a given context and b) what behaviors are considered proper in the context
	Group conformity: The act of consciously maintaining a certain degree of similarity to those in your general social circles
	Social comparisons: The process by which people evaluate their attitudes, abilities, or performance relative to others
	Group norms: Any behavior, belief, attitude, or emotional reaction held to be correct or acceptable by a given group in society
	Social support: The apperception or provision of assistance or comfort to others, typically in order to help them cope with a variety of biological, psychological, and social stressors. Support may arise from any interpersonal relationship in an individual’s social network, involving friends, neighbors, religious institutions, colleagues, caregivers of support groups
	Power: The capacity to influence others, even when they try to resist this influence
	Intergroup conflict: Disagreement or confrontation between two or more groups and their members. This may involve physical violence, interpersonal discord, or psychological tension
	Alienation: Estrangement from one's social group; a deep-seated sense of dissatisfaction with one's personal experiences that can be a source of lack of trust in one's social or physical environment or in oneself; the experience of separation between thoughts and feelings
	Group identity: The set of behavioral or personal characteristics by which an individual is recognizable [and portrays] as a member of a group
	Modelling: In developmental psychology the process in which one or more individuals or other entities serve as examples (models) that a child will copy
Emotion: A complex reaction pattern, involving experiential, behavioral, and physiological elements, by which the individual attempts to deal with a personally significant matter or event	Fear: An intense emotion aroused by the detection of imminent threat, involving an immediate alarm reaction that mobilizes the organism by triggering a set of physiological changes	Consider coding to this domain:     •   Description of the emotions experienced or anticipated by older adults in relation to being monitored by cameras – e.g., anxiety, fear, anger, etc.     •   Description of the emotions experienced or anticipated by older adults in relation to being seen by others as users of camera-based AAL technologies – e.g., embarrassment, shame, humiliation, etc.     •   Description of how fearful, anxious, or negative attitudes towards technology influences older adults’ acceptance of camera-based AAL technologies.     •   Description of how experiencing particular emotions ( e.g., fear of falling, fear of being without help) influences older adults’ acceptance of camera-based AAL technologies. Inappropriate coding to this domain:     •   Description of how other people’s emotions influence older adults’ acceptance of camera-based AAL technologies – e.g., descriptions of how older adults use camera-based AAL technologies because they do not want their family members to feel worried should be coded at “Social Influences” instead.
	Anxiety: A mood state characterized by apprehension and somatic symptoms of tension in which an individual anticipates impending danger, catastrophe, or misfortune.
	Affect: An experience or feeling of emotion, ranging from suffering to elation, from the simplest to the most complex sensations of feelings, and from the most normal to the most pathological emotional reactions.
	Stress: A state of physiological or psychological response to internal or external stressors
	Depression: A mental state that presents with depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure, feelings of guilt or low self-worth, disturbed sleep or appetite, low energy, and poor concentration
	Positive/negative affect: The internal feeling/state that occurs when a goal has/has not been attained. A source of threat has/has not been avoided, or the individual is/is not satisfied with the present state of affairs
	Burn-out: Physical, emotional, or mental exhaustion, especially in one’s job or career, accompanied by decreased motivation, lowered performance and negative attitudes towards oneself and others
Behavioral Regulation: Anything aimed at managing or changing objectively observed or measured actions	Self-monitoring: A method used in behavioral management in which individuals keep a record of their behavior, especially in connection with efforts to changes or regulate the self; a personality trait reflecting an ability to modify one’s behavior in response to a situation	Consider coding to this domain:     •   Description of the self-regulatory strategies employed by older adults that are aimed at facilitating their own use of or sustained engagement with camera-based AAL technologies.     •   Description of the actions taken by older adults in order to secure the necessary resources to facilitate their own use of or sustained engagement with camera-based AAL technologies. Inappropriate coding to this domain:     •   Description of older adults’ belief that camera-based AAL technologies can help them to regulate their own behavior – e.g., descriptions of older adults’ belief that using camera-based AAL technologies can facilitate their self-management of chronic disease should be coded at “Belief about Consequences” instead, as this relates more to the perceived consequences of using the technology.