Table 2.
The relationship between dietary thiamine intake and cognitive decline*
| Thiamine intake, mg/day | n | Mean (SD) | Model 1 | Model 2 | ||||
| β (95% CI) | P value | P-BH | β (95% CI) | P value | P-BH | |||
| Decline rate in global cognitive scores, points/5 years | ||||||||
| Group 1 | ||||||||
| <0.40 | 30 | 2.63 (13.14) | 0.61 (−2.95 to 4.18) | 0.736 | 0.736 | 0.98 (−2.95 to 4.92) | 0.625 | 0.625 |
| [0.40, 0.60) | 284 | 3.26 (11.10) | 0.69 (−0.64 to 2.03) | 0.310 | 0.466 | 1.08 (−0.37 to 2.53) | 0.144 | 0.216 |
| [0.60, 0.80) | 843 | 2.32 (10.76) | Ref | Ref | ||||
| [0.80, 1.00) | 905 | 1.84 (10.52) | 0.17 (−0.77 to 1.11) | 0.727 | 0.736 | 0.45 (−0.57 to 1.48) | 0.386 | 0.463 |
| [1.00, 1.20) | 547 | 2.15 (11.95) | 1.17 (0.00 to 2.34) | 0.049 | 0.099 | 1.58 (0.30 to 2.86) | 0.015 | 0.031 |
| [1.20, 1.40) | 269 | 2.99 (10.98) | 2.19 (0.66 to 3.73) | 0.005 | 0.031 | 3.51 (1.82 to 5.21) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| ≥1.40 | 228 | 1.48 (12.55) | 2.08 (0.22 to 3.93) | 0.028 | 0.085 | 3.25 (1.18 to 5.33) | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| R2 | 0.269 | 0.312 | ||||||
| Group 2 | ||||||||
| <0.60 | 314 | 3.20 (11.29) | 0.62 (−0.64 to 1.88) | 0.334 | 0.334 | 0.91 (−0.46 to 2.28) | 0.194 | 0.194 |
| [0.60, 1.00) | 1748 | 2.07 (10.63) | Ref | Ref | ||||
| [1.00, 1.20) | 547 | 2.15 (11.95) | 1.07 (0.08 to 2.06) | 0.034 | 0.051 | 1.29 (0.22 to 2.36) | 0.018 | 0.027 |
| ≥1.20 | 497 | 2.30 (11.74) | 2.02 (0.79 to 3.24) | 0.001 | 0.004 | 3.05 (1.70 to 4.41) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| R2 | 0.269 | 0.312 | ||||||
| Decline rate in composite cognitive scores, SU/5 years | ||||||||
| Group 1 | ||||||||
| <0.40 | 30 | 0.39 (1.72) | 0.11 (−0.36 to 0.58) | 0.640 | 0.685 | 0.14 (−0.37 to 0.66) | 0.586 | 0.586 |
| [0.40, 0.60) | 284 | 0.47 (1.50) | 0.11 (−0.06 to 0.29) | 0.203 | 0.304 | 0.15 (−0.04 to 0.34) | 0.113 | 0.170 |
| [0.60, 0.80) | 843 | 0.33 (1.40) | Ref | Ref | ||||
| [0.80, 1.00) | 905 | 0.27 (1.37) | 0.03 (−0.10 to 0.15) | 0.685 | 0.685 | 0.06 (−0.07 to 0.19) | 0.382 | 0.459 |
| [1.00, 1.20) | 547 | 0.30 (1.53) | 0.13 (−0.02 to 0.29) | 0.089 | 0.194 | 0.19 (0.02 to 0.36) | 0.026 | 0.051 |
| [1.20, 1.40) | 269 | 0.38 (1.38) | 0.23 (0.03 to 0.43) | 0.026 | 0.157 | 0.39 (0.17 to 0.62) | <0.001 | 0.003 |
| ≥1.40 | 228 | 0.19 (1.62) | 0.21 (−0.04 to 0.45) | 0.097 | 0.194 | 0.36 (0.09 to 0.63) | 0.010 | 0.030 |
| R2 | 0.255 | 0.296 | ||||||
| Group 2 | ||||||||
| <0.60 | 314 | 0.46 (1.52) | 0.10 (−0.06 to 0.27) | 0.219 | 0.219 | 0.13 (−0.05 to 0.31) | 0.153 | 0.153 |
| [0.60, 1.00) | 1748 | 0.30 (1.38) | Ref | Ref | ||||
| [1.00, 1.20) | 547 | 0.30 (1.53) | 0.12 (−0.01 to 0.25) | 0.076 | 0.113 | 0.15 (0.01 to 0.29) | 0.033 | 0.049 |
| ≥1.20 | 497 | 0.29 (1.50) | 0.20 (0.04 to 0.36) | 0.014 | 0.043 | 0.33 (0.15 to 0.51) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| R2 | 0.255 | 0.296 | ||||||
p values less than 0.05 are shown in bold.
*Model 1 was adjusted for age, sex, global score, as well as the intakes of carbohydrate, protein and fat. Model 2 was further adjusted for smoking, alcohol consumption, BMI, SBP, DBP, education level, occupation, region, urban or rural residency, self-reported diabetes, antihypertensive medicine, physical activity, as well as the intakes of fibre, sodium and potassium.
BMI, body mass index; CI, confidence interval; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; P-BH, multiple testing corrected p values by Benjamini-Hochberg method; SBP, systolic blood pressure; SD, standard deviation; SU, standard units by averaging z scores.