Table 1.
Characteristics of patients with immune-mediated inflammatory disease (IMID) at baseline and after propensity score weighting, by exposure to immunosuppressive therapy
| Baseline IMID cohort | Weighted IMID cohort | |||||
| Unexposed | Exposed | SD | Unexposed | Exposed | SD | |
| Total, n (%) | 112 675 (100) | 39 765 (100) | NA | 39 524 (100) | 39 765 (100) | NA |
| Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), n (%) | 47 001 (41.7) | 10 480 (26.4) | NA | 10 284 (26.0) | 10 480 (26.4) | NA |
| Arthropathy, n (%) | 44 669 (39.6) | 24 261 (61.0) | NA | 24 227 (61.3) | 24 261 (61.0) | NA |
| Psoriasis, n (%) | 21 005 (18.6) | 5024 (12.6) | NA | 5014 (12.7) | 5024 (12.6) | NA |
| Age, median (IQR) | 59 (46–71) | 58 (45–71) | 0.06 | 58 (44–71) | 58 (45–71) | 0.01 |
| Male, n (%) | 48 941 (43.4) | 17 080 (43.0) | 0.01 | 16 934 (42.8) | 17 080 (43.0) | 0.00 |
| SARS-CoV-2 test in the previous month, median (IQR) | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0.04 | 0 (0–1) | 0 (0–1) | 0.00 |
| Calendar date of entry 2021, n (%) | ||||||
| January–April | 27 865 (24.7) | 16 689 (42.0) | 0.37 | 10 124 (25.6) | 16 689 (42.0) | 0.35 |
| May–August | 81 682 (72.5) | 22 361 (56.2) | 0.34 | 28 211 (71.4) | 22 361 (56.2) | 0.32 |
| September–November | 3128 (2.8) | 715 (1.8) | 0.07 | 1189 (3.0) | 715 (1.8) | 0.08 |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||||
| Cardiovascular disease | 41 056 (36.4) | 14 010 (35.2) | 0.03 | 14 050 (35.5) | 14 010 (35.2) | 0.01 |
| Pulmonary disease | 14 994 (13.3) | 5793 (14.6) | 0.04 | 5796 (14.7) | 5793 (14.6) | 0.00 |
| Liver disease | 3630 (3.2) | 1528 (3.8) | 0.03 | 1525 (3.9) | 1528 (3.8) | 0.00 |
| Kidney disease | 6859 (6.1) | 2260 (5.7) | 0.02 | 2279 (5.8) | 2260 (5.7) | 0.00 |
| Other gastrointestinal diseases | 21 505 (19.1) | 7086 (17.8) | 0.03 | 6984 (17.7) | 7086 (17.8) | 0.00 |
| Skin disease | 9889 (8.8) | 3748 (9.4) | 0.02 | 3703 (9.4) | 3748 (9.4) | 0.00 |
| Musculoskeletal disease | 45 393 (40.3) | 16 620 (41.8) | 0.03 | 16 649 (42.1) | 16 620 (41.8) | 0.01 |
| Medications, n (%) | ||||||
| Cardiovascular drugs | 80 529 (71.5) | 28 179 (70.9) | 0.01 | 28 054 (71.0) | 28 179 (70.9) | 0.00 |
| Antibiotics | 108 502 (96.3) | 38 405 (96.6) | 0.02 | 38 181 (96.6) | 38 405 (96.6) | 0.00 |
| Oral anticoagulants | 11 111 (9.9) | 4022 (10.1) | 0.01 | 4034 (10.2) | 4022 (10.1) | 0.00 |
| Drugs used in diabetes | 12 935 (11.5) | 4034 (10.1) | 0.04 | 4030 (10.2) | 4034 (10.1) | 0.00 |
| Drugs for obstructive airway diseases | 36 970 (32.8) | 13 118 (33.0) | 0.00 | 13 116 (33.2) | 13 118 (33.0) | 0.00 |
| IBD-specific treatments, n (%) | ||||||
| Any IBD-related hospital admissions in the previous year | 564 (1.2) | 714 (6.8) | 0.12 | 584 (5.7) | 714 (6.8) | 0.05 |
| 5-ASA/sulfasalazine | 12 596 (26.8) | 2845 (27.1) | 0.00 | 2857 (27.8) | 2845 (27.1) | 0.01 |
| Budesonide | 646 (1.4) | 272 (2.6) | 0.02 | 277 (2.7) | 272 (2.6) | 0.01 |
| IBD-related procedures | 18 553 (39.5) | 4551 (43.4) | 0.05 | 4473 (43.5) | 4551 (43.4) | 0.00 |
| Endoscopy of the gastrointestinal tract | 7454 (15.9) | 3702 (35.3) | 0.12 | 3543 (34.5) | 3702 (35.3) | 0.02 |
| Arthropathy-specific treatments, n (%) | ||||||
| Arthropathy-related procedures | 13932 (31.2) | 8415 (34.7) | 0.09 | 8399 (34.7) | 8415 (34.7) | 0.00 |
| Anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic drugs | 5678 (12.7) | 3462 (14.3) | 0.07 | 3480 (14.4) | 3462 (14.3) | 0.00 |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 540 (1.2) | 845 (3.5) | 0.15 | 801 (3.3) | 845 (3.5) | 0.01 |
| Psoriasis-specific treatments, n (%) | ||||||
| 5-ASA/sulfasalazine | 2149 (10.2) | 807 (16.1) | 0.03 | 805 (16.1) | 807 (16.1) | 0.00 |
| Topical corticosteroids | 73 (0.3) | 42 (0.8) | 0.00 | 39 (0.8) | 42 (0.8) | 0.01 |
| Antipsoriatic medication | 7441 (35.4) | 1894 (37.7) | 0.01 | 1900 (37.9) | 1894 (37.7) | 0.00 |
| Topical calcineurin inhibitors | 3731 (17.8) | 1106 (22.0) | 0.00 | 1110 (22.1) | 1106 (22.0) | 0.00 |
| Psoriasis-related procedures | 542 (2.6) | 144 (2.9) | 0.00 | 144 (2.9) | 144 (2.9) | 0.00 |
| 5-ASA/sulfasalazine | 2149 (10.2) | 807 (16.1) | 0.03 | 805 (16.1) | 807 (16.1) | 0.00 |
*Total cohort numbers prior to trimming.
NA, not applicable.