Table 3.
Dietary intake of males and females aged 18–50 years in Langa, Khayelitsha and Mount Frere
| Female | Male | Total | P value | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | s d | Median | IQR | Mean | sd | Median | IQR | Mean | sd | Median | IQR | ||
| Energy (kJ) | 7392·83 | 3123·21 | 6918·08 | 3894·77 | 8550·79 | 3549·63 | 8046·90 | 4332·76 | 7762·13 | 3308·87 | 7328·42 | 4074·97 | <0·001** |
| Energy from UPF (kJ) | 2873·91 | 2384·44 | 2415·70 | 2794·00 | 3464·03 | 2787·10 | 2984·65 | 3281·54 | 3062·11 | 2534·27 | 2595·88 | 3025·00 | <0·001* |
| Protein (g) | 57·65 | 29·69 | 52·43 | 35·52 | 67·47 | 34·05 | 62·12 | 40·67 | 60·78 | 31·48 | 55·27 | 36·35 | <0·001* |
| Total fat (g)‡ | 51·91 | 34·53 | 45·12 | 41·54 | 59·71 | 42·85 | 49·76 | 45·19 | 54·40 | 37·55 | 46·30 | 43·18 | 0·001* |
| Saturated fat (g) | 14·90 | 11·54 | 12·34 | 12·01 | 16·79 | 14·24 | 13·28 | 12·60 | 15·50 | 12·49 | 12·54 | 11·97 | 0·005* |
| MUFA (g) | 17·35 | 13·10 | 14·28 | 14·29 | 19·97 | 17·12 | 15·24 | 15·66 | 18·18 | 14·55 | 14·60 | 14·63 | 0·003* |
| PUFA (g) | 14·09 | 11·48 | 11·01 | 12·77 | 16·22 | 13·98 | 12·07 | 15·18 | 14·77 | 12·37 | 11·29 | 13·59 | 0·004* |
| Carbohydrate (g) | 246·96 | 107·65 | 233·11 | 131·74 | 276·35 | 117·43 | 265·30 | 149·31 | 256·33 | 111·68 | 243·99 | 140·09 | <0·001* |
| Total sugar (g)† | 62·47 | 46·03 | 53·40 | 58·23 | 64·34 | 49·97 | 56·56 | 63·15 | 64·07 | 47·32 | 54·40 | 58·23 | 0·699 |
| Added sugar (g)† | 23·81 | 31·33 | 16·63 | 35·59 | 20·52 | 31·31 | 4·61 | 31·52 | 22·76 | 31·36 | 14·63 | 34·28 | <0·001* |
| Dietary Na | 1534·28 | 1301·44 | 1252·68 | 1215·13 | 1825·11 | 1515·98 | 1558·64 | 1565·59 | 1627·03 | 1379·88 | 1318·66 | 1336·48 | <0·001* |
| Processed meat (g) | 20·57 | 57·04 | 0·00 | 0·00 | 24·91 | 74·47 | 0·00 | 0·00 | 21·95 | 63·15 | 0·00 | 0·00 | 0·905 |
| Unprocessed red meat (g) | 22·31 | 68·54 | 0·00 | 0·00 | 35·53 | 100·73 | 0·00 | 0·00 | 26·53 | 80·44 | 0·00 | 0·00 | 0·008* |
| Dietary fibre (g) | 16·82 | 10·48 | 14·79 | 11·27 | 18·62 | 11·35 | 16·66 | 12·74 | 17·40 | 10·80 | 15·30 | 11·78 | <0·001* |
| Fruits and vegetables (g) | 129·52 | 171·08 | 75·00 | 170·00 | 127·29 | 167·86 | 68·50 | 187·00 | 128·81 | 170·03 | 75·00 | 175·00 | 0·186 |
| Beans and other legumes (g) | 4·09 | 23·92 | 0·00 | 0·00 | 5·43 | 30·23 | 0·00 | 0·00 | 4·52 | 26·10 | 0·00 | 0·00 | 0·447 |
| Nuts and seeds (g) | 1·71 | 7·94 | 0·00 | 0·00 | 2·79 | 11·36 | 0·00 | 0·00 | 2·06 | 9·18 | 0·00 | 0·00 | 0·080 |
| Whole grains (g) | 29·47 | 99·37 | 0·00 | 0·00 | 23·67 | 88·09 | 0·00 | 0·00 | 27·62 | 95·94 | 0·00 | 0·00 | 0·133 |
*
Level of significance assumed at P < 0.05. Mann–Whitney U test used to analyse level of significant difference between males and females.
†
For nutrient-specific evaluations, missing values in the South African food composition table resulted in an underestimate of values, which was particularly pronounced for total and added sugar (see Appendix Tables A and B for details).
‡
Trans-fats excluded from all analysis due to insufficient data in the South African food composition table.