Table 1.

Effects of Angiotensin II, experimental models, and possible clinical relevance in patients with shock

Tissue	Effects	Experimental models	Clinical relevance
Vascular	a) Peripheral vasoconstriction b) Enhanced vascular permeability	Animal Human	d
Cardiac	a) Modulation of cardiac remodelling	Animal	a
Renal	a) Stimulation of sodium reabsorption in the proximal tubule b) Stimulation of release of aldosterone c) Modulation of renal blood flow	Animal Human	c
Coagulation	a) Prothrombotic action through stimulation of platelet and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1	In vitro	b
Nervous	a) Enhancement of norephrine secretion	Animal	a
Immune	a) Increase of production of inflammatory mediators (adhesion molecules, cytokines) b) Generation of reactive oxygen species	Animal	b
Endocrine	a) Stimulation of vasopressin secretion from posterior pituitary gland b) Stimulation of adrenocorticotropin release from anterior pituitary gland c) Enhancement of norepinephrine release via direct action on sympathetic fibres	Animal	b

^aMinimal

^bValuable

^cImportant

^dRelevant