Figure 4.

Average of stress σ_zz in the z-direction, principal stress σ₁, and von Mises stress σ_vM for the PE chains with preEL = 800% at ε = 10%. (a) σ_zz; (b) σ₁; (c) σ_vM. To remove the thermal fluctuations, averaged values were obtained from 100000 snapshots every 50 fs (10 frames). The box dimensions are approximately 600 Å × 1200 Å. The thickness of the sliced snapshot is 30 Å. The snapshots were created using the OVITO software.³⁴