Table 3.

Factors associated with age of onset and duration of prodrome.

	Age of onset					Duration of initial prodrome
Characteristics of the population	N	HR	LCI	UCI	p-value	N	HR	LCI	UCI	p-value
Diagnosis of BD vs SZ	205	0.89	0.66	1.19	0.44	143	1.08	0.76	1.54	0.65
Male	205	0.98	0.71	1.34	0.90	143	0.90	0.62	1.29	0.56
White race vs non-white	205	0.61	0.44	0.86	< 0.005	143	1.03	1.01	1.06	0.01
Hispanic ethnicity	205	1.60	0.89	2.87	0.11	143	0.64	0.42	0.95	0.03
Foreign born	205	1.29	0.83	2.01	0.25	143	0.88	0.41	1.91	0.75
Initial presentation for a neurodevelopmental problem	158	1.06	0.75	1.50	0.73	143	0.38	0.26	0.57	< 0.001
Diagnoses before first episode
ADHD	205	1.04	0.75	1.45	0.80	143	0.43	0.29	0.63	< 0.001
Intellectual disability	205	1.11	0.60	2.08	0.74	143	0.52	0.27	0.98	0.04
Autism spectrum disorder	205	3.80	1.75	8.24	< 0.001	143	1.04	0.45	2.40	0.92
Other neurodevelopmental disorder †	205	1.05	0.75	1.48	0.76	143	0.40	0.27	0.59	< 0.001
Conduct disorder	205	1.48	0.94	2.34	0.090	143	0.66	0.41	1.07	0.09
Oppositional-defiant disorder	205	1.48	0.90	2.41	0.12	143	0.61	0.36	1.03	0.07
Depressive disorders	205	0.65	0.48	0.88	< 0.005	143	0.98	0.67	1.46	0.94
Anxiety disorder	205	0.73	0.54	1.00	0.05	143	0.98	0.68	1.41	0.91
Adjustment disorders	205	1.10	0.79	1.54	0.57	143	1.08	0.76	1.54	0.66
Medications
Any psychotropic before first episode	205	0.82	0.60	1.12	0.21	143	0.77	0.50	1.20	0.25
Antidepressant	205	0.74	0.54	1.00	0.05	143	0.96	0.67	1.39	0.84
Mood Stabilizer	205	0.69	0.41	1.17	0.17	143	0.66	0.40	1.09	0.10
Antipsychotic	205	0.81	0.54	1.21	0.30	143	0.94	0.62	1.42	0.77
ADHD medication (stimulant)	205	1.00	0.71	1.40	0.99	143	0.40	0.27	0.60	< 0.001
Substance use
Any substance use	205	0.69	0.50	0.95	0.02	143	1.23	0.83	1.81	0.30
Alcohol	205	0.76	0.57	1.01	0.06	143	1.01	0.72	1.43	0.93
Stimulants	205	0.71	0.49	1.04	0.08	143	0.83	0.55	1.26	0.39
Cannabis	205	0.78	0.58	1.05	0.10	143	1.07	0.75	1.53	0.70

BD = bipolar disorder, SZ = Schizophrenia, ADHD = attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, LCI = lower confidence interval, UCI = upper confidence interval, HR = Hazard Ratio, USA = United States of America.

^†Other neurodevelopmental disorder include tics, learning, reading, speech, and other DSM-5 neurodevelopmental spectrum disorder.