Table 1 Baseline characteristics.
| Author | Publication year | Country | Design | Follow-up months | Device | Refractory GERD on PPI | No. patients | Female (N/%) | Age | ||||||
| EFTP | Sham | EFTP | Sham | EFTP | Sham | ||||||||||
| EFTP, endoscopic full-thickness plication; PPI, proton pump inhibitor; N/A, not applicable; RCT, randomized controlled trial. | |||||||||||||||
| Kalapala R | 2022 | India | RCT | 12 | GERDx | Yes | 35 | 35 | 10/28.6 | 10/28.6 | 35 (29–41) | 37 (29–45) | |||
| Weitzendorfer M | 2018 | Germany | Prospective | 3 | GERDx | Yes | 40 | N/A | 22/55 | N/A | 49.75 (13.8) | N/A | |||
| Maydeo A | 2023 | India | RCT | 6 | GERDx | Yes | 30 | 30 | 13/43.3 | 14/46.7 | 40.5 (33.7–45) | 40 (35.7–45.2) | |||
| Antoniou S | 2011 | Australia | RCT | 12 | NDO | 28/29on PPI | 29 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 46.5 | N/A | |||
| Jeansonne L | 2009 | US | Prospective | 6 | NDO | 55/58 on PPI | 58 | 68 | 48/82.8 | N/A | 41.75 (15.2) | N/A | |||
| Rothstein R | 2006 | US | RCT | 3 | NDO | Yes | 78 | 81 | 46/59.0 | 38/46.9 | 48.1 (13.1) | 46.3 (13.8) | |||
| Pleskow D | 2004 | US | prospective | 6 | NDO single plication | Yes | 64 | 3F | N/A | N/A | 46.28 (13.27) | N/A | |||
| Pleskow D | 2005 | US | Prospective | 12 | NDO | Yes | 64 | N/A | 33/51.6 | N/A | 46.28 (13.27) | N/A | |||
| Renteln D | 2008 | Germany | Prospective | 6 | NDO | Yes | 41 | N/A | 17/41.5 | N/A | 49.8 (10.23) | N/A | |||
| Renteln D | 2009 | Germany | Prospective | 12 | NDO | Yes | 41 | N/A | 17/41.5 | N/A | 49.8 (10.23) | N/A | |||
| Koch O | 2013 | Australia | Prospective | 12 | NDO | Yes | 36 | N/A | 9/25 | N/A | 46.5 (12.8) | N/A | |||
| Chuttani R | 2003 | USA | Prospective | 6 | NDO | Yes | 6 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 31 (8) | N/A | |||
| Renteln D | 2009 | Germany | Prospective | 6 | NDO | Yes | 12 | N/A | 6/50 | N/A | 47 (9.02) | N/A | |||
| Author | Publication year | ≥50% improvement in GERD-HRQL scores | GERD-HRQL scores | PPI cessation after EFTP | Necessity for laparoscopic fundoplication | Severe adverse effect | Total reflux episodes | Percentage of time the pH <4 (%) | |||||||
| Pre-EFTP | Post-EFTP | Pre-EFTP | Post-EFTP | Pre-EFTP | Post-EFTP | ||||||||||
| Kalapala R | 2022 | 23/35 | 40 (23–51) | 92.3% reduction | 22/35 | 0 | 0 | 90(65–115) | 54.5(33–100) | 4.4(2–8.7) | 3.4 (0.6–5.5) | ||||
| Weitzendorfer M | 2018 | 30/40 | 49.84 (24.83) | 23.93 (15.63) | 19/30 | 7/40 | 4 | 148.42(108.91) | 69.59(63.87) | N/A | N/A | ||||
| Maydeo A | 2023 | 16/29 | 11 (9–12) | N/A | 20/29 | 0 | 0 | 148(120.2–178.2) | 45(24–80) | 28.6(24.6–35.6) | 4.7 (3.4–6.5) | ||||
| Antoniou S | 2011 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 25/29 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||||
| Jeansonne L | 2009 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 12/23 | 3/58 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 10 | 6.1 | ||||
| Rothstein R | 2006 | 44/78 | 25.7 (7.1) | 12.5 (11.1) | 39/78 | 1/78 | 4 | 168(108–236) | 124(89–193) | 10 | 7 | ||||
| Pleskow D | 2004 | 41/64 | 20.2 (6.91) | 8.2 (7.67) | 40/53 | N/A | 4 | 159.0 (87.71) | 122.9(78.79) | 12.4(7.81) | 9.3 (6.82) | ||||
| Pleskow D | 2005 | N/A | 20.1 (6.81) | 9.8 (9.21) | 36/53 | N/A | 0 | 128(47–462) | 100 (18–402) | 10 | 8 | ||||
| Renteln D | 2008 | 30/40 | 26.0 (7.1) | 8 (7.84) | 28/40 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 11 | 9 | ||||
| Renteln D | 2009 | N/A | 25.4 (6.9) | 7.8 (7.5) | 24/35 | 2/41 | 2 | 202.2(109.39) | 172.4(144.20) | N/A | N/A | ||||
| Koch O | 2013 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 13/26 | 3/36 | 1 | 78.1(42.71) | 41.29(23.01) | N/A | N/A | ||||
| Chuttani R | 2003 | N/A | 18.8 (5.9) | 4.6 (5.6) | 3/5 | 1/6 | 0 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | ||||
| Renteln D | 2009 | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | N/A | 1 | 118(76) | 63(22) | 6.8 | 3.4 | ||||