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. 2024 Feb 17;3(2):pgae008. doi: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae008

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© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of National Academy of Sciences.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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Fig. 2. — The transient mean tree size vs. density scaling exponents (or slopes) over time within and among forest biomes. A) The scaling slopes across forest stands within tropical (n = 31), temperate (n = 800), and boreal (n = 602) forest biomes. The solid vertical line refers to the Euclidean scaling law (−3/2), while the dashed vertical line refers to the fractal scaling law (−4/3). B) The probability distribution of the mean value of the transient mean tree size vs. density scaling slopes using a bootstrapped (1,000 iterations) approach by randomly selecting 95% of stands across forest biomes.