| Frailty Phenotype (FP) / 2001 |
US |
Fried et al. (16) |
5 |
It assesses physical characteristics or phenotype, which include five domains: unintentional weight loss (4.5 kg or more in the last year), exhaustion (self-reported), low physical activity, weakness (low grip strength), and walking speed. |
Frailty: ≥ 3 items; pre-frailty:1~2 items; robust:0 items |
| Groningen Frailty Indicator (GFI) / 2001 |
Netherlands |
Steverink et al. (20) |
15 |
Physical (9 items), Cognitive (1 item), Social (3 items), and Psychological (2 items), for a total of 4 dimensions. |
Frailty: score ≥ 4 |
| Frailty Index (FI) / 2001 |
Canadian |
Mitnitski et al. (22) |
30~70 |
all the 8 frailty items and all the 3 domains (physical, psychological and social) are assessed. |
Frailty: score > 0.25; pre-frailty:0.12~0.25; robust: score < 0.12 |
| Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) / 2005 |
Canadian |
Rockwood et al. (28) |
9 |
Total 9 points: each point on its scale has a visual chart and a written description of frailty to assist the classification process. |
Frailty: score ≥ 5 |
| Edmonton Frail Scale (EFS) / 2006 |
Canadian |
Rolfson et al. (29) |
11 |
The EFS is an 11-item scale, of which 9 items are self-reported, It is assesses nine domains of frailty (cognition, general health status, functional independence, social support, medication usage, nutrition, mood, continence, functional performance). |
The following cut-offs are used to classify frailty severity: not frailty (0-5), apparently vulnerable (6-7), mildly frailty (8-9), moderately frailty (10-11) and severely frailty |
| The Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI) / 2010 |
Netherlands |
Gobbens et al. (31) |
15 |
The TFI is composed of 2 parts: Part A about "determinants of frailty and diseases", and Part B about the "presence of frailty" that generates a final score. Part B includes three domains (physical, psychological, and social) and 15 items. |
Frailty: score ≥ 5 |
