Table 2.
Odds Ratios for Prediction of Brain Metastases at Diagnosis
| OR (95% CI) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cancer Site | Breast Cancer | Melanoma | Colorectal Cancer | Kidney Cancer | Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer | Small Cell Lung Cancer |
| Patient age | ||||||
| 1-year increase | 0.996 (0.994–0.997) | 0.987 (0.985–0.989) | 0.993 (0.990–0.996) | 0.992 (0.990–0.994) | 0.968 (0.967–0.968) | 0.974 (0.973–0.976) |
| Patient sex (ref = Male) | ||||||
| Female | 1.053 (0.832–1.331) | 0.661 (0.621–0.703) | 0.985 (0.900–1.078) | 0.875 (0.821–0.932) | 1.013 (1.000–1.027) | 0.895 (0.871–0.919) |
| Patient race (ref = White) | ||||||
| Black | 1.020 (0.954–1.090) | 0.550 (0.388–0.779) | 0.734 (0.641–0.841) | 0.693 (0.621–0.773) | 1.001 (0.981–1.022) | 1.112 (1.060–1.167) |
| Other | 0.821 (0.726–0.929) | 0.999 (0.757–1.320) | 0.798 (0.636–1.002) | 1.036 (0.897–1.197) | 1.156 (1.119–1.193) | 1.008 (0.917–1.108) |
| Unknown | 0.937 (0.715–1.227) | 0.904 (0.671–1.216) | 0.756 (0.441–1.296) | 1.063 (0.791–1.428) | 1.124 (1.039–1.216) | 1.204 (1.02–1.422) |
| Tumor grade (ref = Grade 1) | ||||||
| Grade 2 | 1.645 (1.416–1.911) | 1.597 (0.372–6.844) | 1.184 (0.903–1.552) | 1.186 (0.823–1.709) | 2.118 (1.999–2.244) | 0.853 (0.546–1.334) |
| Grade 3 | 1.934 (1.663–2.249) | 2.638 (1.061–6.561) | 2.702 (2.050–3.562) | 1.528 (1.079–2.164) | 3.929 (3.718–4.151) | 0.958 (0.668–1.375) |
| Grade 4 | 2.596 (1.790–3.766) | 1.069 (0.351–3.259) | 2.715 (1.884–3.914) | 1.199 (0.836–1.720) | 4.011 (3.686–-4.365) | 0.897 (0.625–1.286) |
| Other/unknown | 2.900 (2.485–3.384) | 1.186 (0.495–2.839) | 2.933 (2.249–3.824) | 1.672 (1.203–2.325) | 4.433 (4.198–4.68) | 1.056 (0.738–1.511) |
| Clinical T stage (ref = T1) | ||||||
| T0 | 2.280 (1.846–2.817) | 19.342 (15.759–23.739) | 3.254 (2.260–4.685) | 2.368 (1.617–3.47) | 2.096 (1.932–2.274) | 1.265 (1.095–1.461) |
| T2 | 1.369 (1.242–1.509) | 1.506 (1.142–1.987) | 0.798 (0.509–1.252) | 2.384 (2.162–2.629) | 1.823 (1.781–1.865) | 1.290 (1.226–1.358) |
| T3 | 1.698 (1.515–1.904) | 2.327 (1.784–3.036) | 1.036 (0.799–1.344) | 1.699 (1.524–1.893) | 1.738 (1.694–1.783) | 1.227 (1.162–1.297) |
| T4 | 1.738 (1.567–1.927) | 4.897 (3.878–6.184) | 1.009 (0.773–1.317) | 1.802 (1.562–2.079) | 1.724 (1.682–1.768) | 1.276 (1.214–1.341) |
| Other/unknown | 1.228 (1.101–1.370) | 4.197 (3.466–5.083) | 1.179 (0.956–1.455) | 1.210 (1.085–1.350) | 1.439 (1.398–1.481) | 1.254 (1.185–1.328) |
| Clinical N stage (ref = N0) | ||||||
| N1 | 2.399 (2.214–2.599) | 1.557 (1.362–1.779) | 1.505 (1.304–1.738) | 1.159 (1.064–1.263) | 1.934 (1.880–1.989) | 1.049 (0.984–1.118) |
| N2 | 2.377 (2.123–2.662) | 1.588 (1.291–1.954) | 1.989 (1.635–2.418) | 0.726 (0.474–1.113) | 2.124 (2.083–2.166) | 0.993 (0.949–1.038) |
| N3 | 2.870 (2.575–3.199) | 1.999 (1.674–2.387) | - | 0.328 (0.044–2.434) | 2.036 (1.989–2.085) | 0.953 (0.906–1.004) |
| Other/unknown | 2.597 (2.359–2.858) | 1.443 (1.34–1.554) | 1.227 (1.094–1.376) | 1.070 (0.972–1.178) | 1.671 (1.625–1.719) | 1.214 (1.144–1.288) |
| Bone metastases at diagnosis (ref = No) | ||||||
| Yes | 14.422 (13.475–15.435) | 2.009 (1.815–2.223) | 5.381 (4.769–6.070) | 2.231 (2.084–2.389) | 1.906 (1.876–1.936) | 1.435 (1.389–1.482) |
| Other/unknown | 13.510 (10.054–18.154) | 3.603 (2.387–5.438) | 7.061 (4.756–10.483) | 3.390 (2.435–4.720) | 3.116 (2.846–3.411) | 2.157 (1.840–2.529) |
| Lung metastases at diagnosis (ref = No) | ||||||
| Yes | 5.345 (5.021–5.690) | 23.399 (21.858–25.049) | 9.763 (8.700–10.957) | 10.481 (9.744–11.273) | 1.530 (1.502–1.558) | 1.650 (1.586–1.716) |
| Other/unknown | 4.821 (3.993–5.821) | 22.625 (16.548–30.934) | 4.465 (3.060–6.514) | 12.758 (10.002–16.274) | 2.222 (2.104–2.347) | 2.125 (1.930–2.340) |
| Liver metastases at diagnosis (ref = No) | ||||||
| Yes | 2.007 (1.882–2.141) | 1.677 (1.523–1.848) | 1.411 (1.257–1.583) | 1.256 (1.154–1.366) | 1.773 (1.737–1.810) | 1.005 (0.975–1.037) |
| Other/unknown | 3.562 (2.886–4.396) | 4.321 (2.868–6.510) | 5.298 (3.498–8.026) | 2.633 (2.014–3.441) | 3.176 (2.939–3.432) | 2.535 (2.160–2.974) |
| ER (SSF1) (ref = No) | ||||||
| Yes | 0.612 (0.563–0.664) | |||||
| Other/unknown | 0.577 (0.440–0.757) | |||||
| PR (SSF2) (ref = No) | ||||||
| Yes | 0.674 (0.624–0.729) | |||||
| Other/unknown | 0.925 (0.712–1.202) | |||||
| HER2 (SSF15) (ref = No) | ||||||
| Yes | 1.133 (1.060–1.211) | |||||
| Other/unknown | 0.691 (0.619–0.771) | |||||
| Ulceration (SSF2) (ref = No) | ||||||
| Yes | 2.193 (1.923–2.502) | |||||
| Other/unknown | 4.998 (4.580–5.455) | |||||
| CEA (SSF1) (ref = Negative) | ||||||
| Positive | 1.829 (1.539–2.173) | |||||
| Other/unknown | 1.425 (1.200–1.691) | |||||
| Tumor histology a (ref = Type 1) | ||||||
| Type 2 | 0.983 (0.817–1.182) | |||||
| Sarcomatoid Features (SSF4) (ref = No) | ||||||
| Yes | 1.355 (1.179–1.557) | |||||
| Other/unknown | 1.835 (1.661–2.027) | |||||
| Fuhrman Nuclear Grade (SSF6) (ref = 1) | ||||||
| 2 | 0.872 (0.606–1.256) | |||||
| 3 | 1.090 (0.765–1.553) | |||||
| 4 | 1.469 (1.020–2.115) | |||||
| Other/unknown | 1.581 (1.129–2.215) | |||||
| Tumor histology b (ref = Type 1) | ||||||
| Type 2 | 2.535 (2.214–2.901) | |||||
| Type 3 | 1.099 (0.933–1.296) | |||||
| Tumor histology c (ref= Adenocarcinoma) | ||||||
| Squamous Cell Carcinoma | 0.756 (0.743–0.768) | |||||
| Other/unknown | 0.363 (0.356–0.370) | |||||
Bolded odds ratios signify statistical significance.
aFor colon cancer histology,
Type 1 = Adenocarcinoma + carcinoma + tubulovillous adenocarcinoma + mucinous adenocarcinoma.
Type 2 = Neuroendocrine + Other/unknown.
bFor kidney cancer histology,
Type 1 = Adenocarcinoma + papillary adenocarcinoma.
Type 2 = Renal cell carcinoma.
Type 3 = Urothelial cell carcinoma + Other/unknown.
cTumor histology for non-small cell lung cancer.