Table 1.

List of health states presented to participants

Health statea	Follow-up proceduresb	Number of days of uncertainty about cancer diagnosisc
A. Cancer screening with negative result
B1. False positive for lung cancer without head or neck involvement	CT scan	10
B2. False positive for lung cancer with possible head or neck involvement	CT scan; PET-CT	25
B3. False positive for lung cancer with a 6-month follow-up scan	CT scan	185
C. False positive for colorectal cancer	Colonoscopy	14
D1. False positive for breast cancer; no biopsy or MRI	Mammogram/ultrasound (at same visit)	10
D2. False positive for breast cancer; biopsy performed	Mammogram/ultrasound/biopsy (at same visit)	10
D3. False positive for breast cancer; MRI performed	Mammogram/ultrasound (at same visit); MRI	20
E1. False positive for pancreatic cancer; follow-up CT scan	CT scan	9
E2. False positive for pancreatic cancer; follow-up CT scan and PET-CT	CT scan; PET-CT	23

CT computed tomography, MRI magnetic resonance imaging, PET-CT positron emission tomography scan and computed tomography scan

^aThe ‘D health states’ describing false positives for breast cancer were not presented to the male participants. Therefore, men only valued seven health states, whereas women valued all 10 health states

^bEach health state described the typical follow-up procedures that would occur after a false-positive screening result. For some of the health states (e.g., B1, E1), a single follow-up procedure was necessary to confirm that the original result was a false positive. For other health states (e.g., B2, E2), multiple follow-up tests were required

^cEach health state included a timeline illustrating the number of days between the false-positive screening result and the eventual resolution when the result is confirmed to be a false positive. This is the period of uncertainty during which the hypothetical patient does not know whether the positive screening result was accurate