Table 4.

Disutilities of false-positive cancer screening^a,b

Health state	N	Mean disutility	SD	95% CI
B1. False positive for lung cancer without head or neck involvement	203	− 0.041	0.061	− 0.049 to − 0.032
B2. False positive for lung cancer with possible head or neck involvement	203	− 0.101	0.137	− 0.120 to − 0.082
B3. False positive for lung cancer with a 6-month follow-up scan	203	− 0.111	0.141	− 0.130 to − 0.091
C. False positive for colorectal cancer	203	− 0.079	0.108	− 0.094 to − 0.064
D1. False positive for breast cancer; no biopsy or MRI	102	− 0.031	0.049	− 0.041 to − 0.021
D2. False positive for breast cancer; biopsy performed	102	− 0.058	0.079	− 0.073 to − 0.042
D3. False positive for breast cancer; MRI performed	102	− 0.067	0.083	− 0.083 to − 0.050
E1. False positive for pancreatic cancer; follow-up CT scan	203	− 0.048	0.072	− 0.058 to − 0.038
E2. False positive for pancreatic cancer; follow-up CT scan and PET-CT	203	− 0.088	0.115	− 0.104 to − 0.073

CI confidence interval, CT computed tomography, MRI magnetic resonance imaging, PET-CT positron emission tomography scan and computed tomography scan, SD standard deviation, TTO time trade-off

^aTTO scores are on a scale anchored with 0 representing dead and 1 representing full health

^bDisutilities (i.e., utility decreases) for each false-positive pathway were calculated by subtracting the mean utility of health state A (true negative screening result) from the utility of each health state with a false-positive screening result