Fig. 2.

Suitable (foreground) and non-suitable (background) intermediate hosts for Echinococcus spp. in the Etosha NP, Namibia. In this particular location, 33 of 40 examined plains zebras (Equus quagga burchellii) had cysts of E. equinus (Wassermann et al., 2015; Aschenborn et al., 2023a), while no Echinococcus cyst has ever been found in elephants (Loxodonta africana), despite parasitological examinations of >2000 animals from different parts of sub-Saharan Africa (Graber et al., 1969; Young, 1975). Photo: T. Romig, 2012.