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. 2023 Nov 30;119(2):456–469. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.11.018

FIGURE 4.

FIGURE 4

Effect of intervention on gut microbiota (16S rRNA gene sequencing). (A) Comparison of alpha diversity (genus level) among the 3 study arms using Shannon diversity indexes at baseline samples and end point samples. Violin plots include the median, 95% CI, IQR, and density plot where the width of the plots indicate frequency. A significant difference in Shannon diversity was observed in 3 g prebiotic group at the end of the intervention compared with that at the baseline in the same group (linear mixed model, P = 0.004). (B–D) Differential analysis using Deseq2 on most abundant genera to study the effect of intervention between groups: (B) Bacteroides, (C) Prevotella, (D) Lactobacillus based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing of subjects from the 3 study arms (ITT population; n = 173) between baseline and end point samples. ∗∗∗P < 0.001, ∗∗P < 0.01, ∗P < 0.05). The statistics are based on the differential expression (DESeq2) between groups after intervention using subject as a covariate.