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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Jul 1.
Published in final edited form as: Pediatr Res. 2023 Sep 12;95(1):377–385. doi: 10.1038/s41390-023-02814-9

Table 3.

Means and percentages of outcome variables in the full sample.

Child outcomes N Mean SD Range <1 SD (%) <2 SD (%)
Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development
 Harmonized Mental Development Index (hMDI) 1701 82.2 20.2 49–145 53% 27%
N Mean SD Range T ≥65 (%) T ≥70 (%)
CBCL/1 ½−5 syndrome scales (raw scores)
 Emotionally reactive 1387 1.88 2.15 0–15 7.0% 1.5%
 Anxious/depressed 1389 2.06 2.00 0–11 3.3% 0.9%
 Somatic complaints 1389 1.58 1.95 0–14 8.1% 3.4%
 Withdrawn 1389 1.53 2.01 0–14 8.9% 5.5%
 Sleep problems 1390 2.41 2.61 0–14 5.3% 3.3%
 Attention problems 1390 2.84 2.17 0–10 13% 7.6%
 Aggressive behaviors 1372 8.37 6.20 0–29 5.0% 1.9%
N % Range
Diagnosis/Risk
 Cerebral palsy diagnosis 1477 12% 0–1
 ASD, M-CHAT positive screen 1809 19% 0–1

ASD, autism spectrum disorder; CBCL/1 ½−5, Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1½−5; M-CHAT, Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers.