Table 5.
Means and percentages of outcome variables by latent profile.
| Child outcomes | Profile 1 (60%) |
Profile 2 (24%) |
Profile 3 (5.5%) |
Profile 4 (11%) |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | M (SD) | P-value | |
| Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development | |||||
| Mental Development Index (hMDI) | 89.3 (17.0) | 79.2 (19.1) | 67.0 (16.9) | 54.1 (9.1) | <.0001 |
| CBCL/1½−5 syndrome scales (raw scores) | |||||
| Emotionally reactive | 0.77 (0.94) | 2.81 (1.55) | 6.82 (2.48) | 1.12 (1.22) | <.0001 |
| Anxious/depressed | 1.08 (1.17) | 3.00 (1.70) | 5.77 (2.07) | 1.54 (1.54) | <.0001 |
| Somatic complaints | 0.96 (1.34) | 2.00 (1.84) | 4.22 (3.18) | 1.53 (1.71) | <.0001 |
| Withdrawn | 0.48 (0.78) | 1.98 (1.63) | 5.33 (2.76) | 2.98 (2.08) | <.0001 |
| Sleep problems | 1.46+ (1.75) | 3.46 (2.66) | 6.15 (3.29) | 1.22+ (1.52) | <.0001 |
| Attention problems | 1.63 (1.39) | 4.02 (1.74) | 6.44 (1.75) | 3.00 (1.88) | <.0001 |
| Aggressive behaviors | 4.98+ (3.62) | 12.8 (4.32) | 19.9 (5.60) | 4.93+ (3.84) | <.0001 |
| Diagnosis/Risk | |||||
| Cerebral palsy diagnosis (%) | 5.8% | 9.3% | 18% | 52% | <.0001 |
| ASD, M-CHAT positive screen (%) | 1.6% | 20% | 58% | 90% | <.0001 |
P values correspond to omnibus test statistics (i.e., F test for continuous variables, chi-squared for dichotomous variables). Post-hoc pairwise comparisons were also conducted, and groups with means that were not significantly different (p>.05) are noted (+ or ^). Within each row, bolded values represent the most optimal scores (highest mean Bayley score, lowest mean CBCL/1½−5 score, lowest prevalence of CP/ASD risk), and italicized values represent the least optimal scores (lowest mean Bayley score, highest mean CBCL/1½−5 score, highest prevalence of CP/ASD risk). ASD, autism spectrum disorder; CBCL/1½−5, Child Behavior Checklist for Ages 1½−5; CP, cerebral palsy; M-CHAT, Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers.