Figure 1.

Four different approaches in CAR-T cell therapy for treatment of SAIDs. Top-left panel shows a CAR-T which recognizes CD19 on the target B cell and induces a cytotoxic effect. Top-right panel shows a compound CAR-T (cCAR-T), which is a two-unit CAR consisting of a complete BCMA-CAR fused to a complete CD19-CAR, allowing independent expression of both CAR receptors separately on the T cell surface to target two cell types: CD19+ memory B cells and BCMA+ plasma cells. Bottom-left panel shows a CAAR-T cell that recognizes an autoantibody on the surface of the target B cell and induces a cytotoxic effect. Bottom-right panel shows a CAR-Treg that recognizes an antigen on the target cell and induces a regulatory response.