Table 2.
Clinical outcomes, longitudinal renal function, and mortality stratified by trajectory group*
| Outcome | Overall | Rapid decline | Stable impaired | Stable preserved | Recovery | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No. (%) of cohort | 255 (100) | 20 (8) | 82 (32) | 129 (51) | 24 (9) | – |
| Treatment resistance, no. (%) | ||||||
| Yes | 51 (20) | 17 (85) | 15 (18) | 15 (12) | 4 (17) | – |
| No | 107 (42) | 1 (5) | 49 (60) | 39 (30) | 18 (75) | – |
| Insufficient data | 19 (7) | 2 (10) | 8 (10) | 7 (5) | 2 (8) | – |
| No renal involvement | 78 (31) | 0 (0) | 10 (12) | 68 (53) | 0 (0) | – |
| Renal outcomes | ||||||
| Any dialysis, no. (%) | 52 (20) | 20 (100) | 14 (17) | 13 (10) | 5 (21) | <0.001 |
| Transplant, no. (%) | 8 (3) | 4 (20) | 1 (1) | 3 (2) | 0 (0) | <0.001 |
| Permanent ESRD, no. (%)† | 36 (14) | 20 (100) | 6 (7) | 9 (7) | 1 (4) | <0.001 |
| Active vasculitis as cause of ESRD, no. (%)‡ | 23 (62) | 18 (90) | 1 (17) | 4 (44) | 0 (0) | 0.001 |
| Time to ESRD‡ | 0.34 (0.02–4.7) | 0.02 (0.004–0.15) | 4.2 (1.1–6.8) | 4.7 (2.5–5.6) | 10 (10–10) | – |
| eGFR at 1 year | 43 (23–76) | 2 (1–5) | 32 (22–46) | 71 (44–89) | 24 (18–36) | <0.001 |
| eGFR at 2 years | 53 (31–77) | 0 (0–0) | 41 (26–58) | 69 (45–86) | 48 (29–61) | <0.001 |
| eGFR at 5 years | 54 (29–77) | 0 (0–0) | 48 (26–60) | 69 (43–84) | 58 (36–71) | <0.001 |
| CKD 3+ at 1 year, no. (%) | 162 (64) | 20 (100) | 71 (87) | 47 (36) | 24 (100) | <0.001 |
| CKD 3+ at 2 years, no. (%) | 117 (58) | 12 (100) | 54 (79) | 39 (36) | 12 (75) | <0.001 |
| CKD 3+ at 5 years, no. (%) | 89 (56) | 10 (100) | 39 (76) | 32 (38) | 8 (57) | <0.001 |
| Mortality | ||||||
| Death, no. (%) | 70 (27) | 8 (40) | 27 (33) | 29 (22) | 6 (25) | 0.21 |
| Follow-up time to ESRD, death, or censorship | 6.5 (3.9–9.8) | 0.2 (0.004–0.15) | 6.4 (4.0–9.8) | 7.3 (5.0–10) | 7.4 (5.1–10) | <0.001 |
| Follow-up time to death or censorship | 7.3 (4.7–10) | 6.8 (1.8–10) | 6.6 (4.0–10) | 7.4 (5.5–10) | 7.4 (5.1–10) | – |
Values are the median (interquartile range) unless indicated otherwise. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) was defined as 1) a need for dialysis for >60 days, 2) dialysis until death if the patient died between 14 and 60 days of follow-up, or 3) renal transplant, as identified by chart review and US Renal Data System records. Because temporary dialysis was included in the count of patients with dialysis, more patients received dialysis than experienced ESRD by this definition. Data in this table are not from the United States Renal Data System. CKD = chronic kidney disease; CKD 3+ = CKD stage 3 or higher, i.e., estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 ml/minute/1.73 m2.
ESRD newly occurring during follow-up, i.e., no earlier than 1 year prior to initiation of treatment for vasculitis.
Among those with ESRD.