| CL microscopy |
Imaging of
single particles; study of structure–activity
relationships; tracking/ visualizing single microswimmers; single
bead based (bio)analysis |
Limited photon flux (low CL
quantum yield); low light emission
level of single particles; poor control over CL reactions; require
a CL nanoemitter/ luminophore |
Efficiency of CL microscopy
could be enhanced by designing/
developing highly emissive particles, bright/ tunable chemiluminescent
molecules (probes), effective microscopic configurations/ set-ups,
and highly sensitive light collection tools |
(26, 29, 38, 39, 49, 81) |
| ECL microscopy |
Determination
of the structure-dependent electrocatalytic activities
of single nanocatalysts; Imaging of the facet-dependent heterogeneities
of single particles; stochastic collision electrochemistry; visualization/
monitoring of catalytic reactivities (e.g., HER, OER) of single NPs;
single bead (bio)analysis |
Require an ECL luminophore/
nanoemitter; low ECL efficiencies
of single particles |
Performance/applicability of ECL
microscopy could be further
improved in electrocatalysis and visualization of individual particles/molecules
reactions by designing/ developing strong nanocatalysts, highly effective
and stable nanoemitters/ luminophores, and using highly sensitive
light emission collection tools; moreover, super-resolution ECL microscopy
could improve the resolution limits for visualizing single particle/molecule
reactions |
(27, 46, 48, 76, 82−87) |
| FL microscopy |
Study nanocatalysis
(e.g., photoelectrocatalysis, electrocatalysis)
of single NPs/molecules; imaging, sensing, and tracking of fluorescent
nanomaterials; collision/oxidation of single NPs; single molecule
sensitivity; single bead (bio)analysis |
Usually suffered
from photobleaching; limited availability
of fluorescent dyes; require a fluorophore |
Synthesis/discovery
of new fluorescent particles/molecules,
electrode surface modification with highly catalytic materials, transduction
of suitable FL systems with (electro)chemical approaches, and capacity
to study nonfluorescent reactions could further extend/improve the
applications of FL microscopy; more importantly, super-resolution
FL microscopy could further expand resolution limits for studying
individual particles reactions |
(6, 20, 44, 88−95) |
