Skip to main content
. 2024 Feb 23;24:581. doi: 10.1186/s12889-024-18013-y

Table 1.

Results of Reliability and Convergent Validity

Construct Item Initial model Modified Model Cronbach’s Alpha Composite Reliability Average Variance Extracted (AVE)
Autonomy PWB.A1 0.739 0.743 0.843 0.895 0.682
PWB.A2 0.87 0.875
PWB.A3 0.886 0.895
PWB.A4 -0.522 Deleted
PWB.A5 0.763 0.78
Environmental Mastery PWB.EM1 0.66 0.633 0.731 0.828 0.552
PWB.EM2 0.834 0.816
PWB.EM3 0.854 0.868
PWB.EM4 0.597 0.623
Personal Growth PWB.PG1 -0.382 Deleted 0.669 0.799 0.5
PWB.PG2 0.605 0.628
PWB.PG3 0.784 0.784
PWB.PG4 0.659 0.654
PWB.PG5 0.762 0.75
Purpose in Life PWB.PL1 0.87 0.871 0.756 0.844 0.581
PWB.PL2 0.563 0.557
PWB.PL3 0.75 0.751
PWB.PL4 0.829 0.831
PWB.PL5 0.012 Deleted
Positive Relations PWB.PR1 0.752 0.724 0.729 0.832 0.555
PWB.PR2 0.868 0.857
PWB.PR3 0.664 0.701
PWB.PR4 -0.428 Deleted
PWB.PR5 0.652 0.687
Self-Acceptance PWB.SA1 0.801 0.799 0.775 0.857 0.602
PWB.SA2 0.839 0.839
PWB.SA3 0.799 0.798
PWB.SA4 0.651 0.654
Bonding Capital SC.Bonding1 0.843 0.852 0.932 0.946 0.746
SC.Bonding2 0.867 0.865
SC.Bonding3 0.857 0.864
SC.Bonding4 0.823 0.828
SC.Bonding5 0.893 0.896
SC.Bonding6 0.477 Deleted
SC.Bonding7 0.877 0.875
Bridging Capital SC.Bridging1 0.766 0.768 0.881 0.908 0.584
SC.Bridging2 0.756 0.758
SC.Bridging3 0.798 0.796
SC.Bridging4 0.72 0.717
SC.Bridging5 0.786 0.783
SC.Bridging6 0.773 0.775
SC.Bridging7 0.747 0.749
Affective Use SM.A1 0.688 0.687 0.813 0.887 0.727
SM.A2 0.909 0.91
SM.A3 0.939 0.939
Cognitive Use SM.C1 0.781 0.779 0.795 0.866 0.618
SM.C2 0.733 0.733
SM.C3 0.86 0.86
SM.C4 0.765 0.767
Diversion Use SM.D1 0.838 0.838 0.78 0.871 0.693
SM.D2 0.832 0.831
SM.D3 0.826 0.828
Personal Use SM.P1 0.907 0.908 0.928 0.949 0.823
SM.P2 0.925 0.925
SM.P3 0.916 0.917
SM.P4 0.88 0.879
Social Use SM.S1 0.756 0.759 0.832 0.88 0.596
SM.S2 0.716 0.713
SM.S3 0.843 0.843
SM.S4 0.705 0.701
SM.S5 0.832 0.833