Figure 8.

a) EELS mapping of Ce³⁺ and Ce⁴⁺, showing their distribution in the crystals (green: Ce⁴⁺ and red: Ce³⁺). b) Spherical aberration‐corrected STEM image of a subunit of 3S‐CFHoMS (the single crystal surface, with red arrows indicating the atom steps). c) Corresponding line profile of the red area in (b) with the direction from the upper left to the bottom right.^{[ 96 ]} Reproduced with permission. Copyright 2020, Oxford University Press. d) EM wave absorption mechanism of defects in NiO/NiCo₂O₄ HoMS. e) Reflection loss value verse frequency and corresponding 2D plots with different thicknesses for NiO/NiCo₂O₄ HoMS. Reproduced with permission. Copyright 2021, Wiley‐VCH. f) TEM image of SnS₂/SnO₂ HoMSs and corresponding enlarged HRTEM images. g) Atom model at the interface between SnS₂ and SnO₂ in atomic scale.^{[ 97 ]} Reproduced with permission. Copyright 2020, Wiley‐VCH.